我国部分地区土壤中绿僵菌的物种多样性

Species Diversity of Metarhizium spp.in Soils from Areas of China

绿僵菌是一种广泛存在且具有较高经济、生态价值的极具发展前景的绿色安全生物防治材料。为了更好地了解我国绿僵菌资源的生物多样性,本研究从13个省份不同生境中采集土壤样品,采用选择培养的方法对绿僵菌菌株进行分离纯化,通过形态学、分子生物学获取其ITS1和ITS4序列等方法鉴定菌株。在用MEGA软件依据邻接法(NJ)构建基于绿僵菌菌株ITS1和ITS4序列的系统发育树并进行同源性分析的基础上,采用香农-威纳指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数评价其多样性。结果表明,在607份土壤样品中,分离出绿僵菌属真菌共计222株,其中优势菌种金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae 130株,优势度指数为0.586;另有马昆德绿僵菌Metarhizium marquandii 83株、黄绿绿僵菌Metarhizium flavoviride 7株、罗伯茨绿僵菌Metarhizium robertsii 2株。林地的香农-威纳指数最高,为0.983,说明其物种丰富度最高。林地的均匀度指数最高,为0.709,说明其不同种间分配最均匀。

Entomopathogenic fungi in the genus Metarhizium are a common and promising green biological control agent with high economic and ecological value.In order to determine the biodiversity of Metarhizium in China,the Metarhizium was isolated and purified by selective culture from soil samples collected from different habitats in Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan,Sichuan,Tibet,Hubei,Hunan,Hainan,Hebei,Henan and Tianjin.The Metarhizium was identified by morphology and molecular biology using ITS1 and ITS4 sequences.Then the biodiversity was evaluated with the Shannon Weiner,Berger-Parker and Pielou on the basis of analysing the homology and constructing the phylogenetic tree of ITS1 and ITS4 sequences by Neighbor-Joining(NJ) method with MEGA.The result showed that 222 strains of Mertarhizium were isolated from 607 soil samples,among which there were 130 strains of M.anisopliae,which is the dominant species with a Berger-Parker value of 0.586,83 strains of M.marquandii,7 strains of M.flavoviride,and 2 strains of M.robertsii.The Shannon-Wiener of fallow land,farmland,orchard,grassland,and woodland were 0.451,0.677,0.683,0.843,and 0.983,respectively,indicating that the wood land is of the highest species richness.And the Pielou of the above habitats were 0.325,0.488,0.493,0.608,and 0.709,respectively,showing that the Metarhizium species distribution in woodland is the most homogeneous.