生物刺激素协同对草莓炭疽病防治及其生长发育的影响

Effects of Biostimulant Synergism on Anthracnose Disease Control and Growth of Strawberry

草莓炭疽病是草莓定植时期最易造成死苗的真菌病害。本文研究了生物刺激素(木霉菌、海藻酸、聚谷氨酸)协同灌根对草莓炭疽病的防治以及促生作用。结果表明,与对照相比,木霉菌、海藻酸、聚谷氨酸单剂灌根和木霉菌+海藻酸、木霉菌+聚谷氨酸的协同灌根处理均能显著降低炭疽病造成的死苗率,其中木霉菌+海藻酸的防效最高,可达78.26%。相比对照,所有处理均能显著提高净光合速率、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性和加氧酶活性等光合指标,以及土壤脲酶活性。协同灌根处理显著提高草莓株高、根茎粗、叶柄长、叶面积等生长指标达15.62%~47.00%。其中木霉菌+海藻酸处理的净光合速率、土壤脲酶活性最高。综合而言,木霉菌与海藻酸协同灌根在促进生长、促进光合、提高土壤供氮水平以及防控草莓炭疽病方面均表现出显著的增效作用,可作为生物防治的一种有效手段。

Strawberry anthracnose is the common fungal disease,which easily causes strawberry seedling death during the plant period.In this study,the control effect of straw anthracnose by synergistic root irrigation with three biostimulants(Trichoderma,alginate,and polyglutamic acid) and the growth-promoting role were investigated,respectively.Results showed either the single irrigation with Trichoderma,alginate and polyglutamic acid or the synergistic root irrigation of Trichoderma+alginate and Trichoderma+polyglutamic acid both significantly reduced the dead seedling rate that caused by anthracnose,and the highest prevention effect could reach 78.26% for Trichoderma+alginate in comparison with the control.In addition,all treatments not only significantly increased photosynthetic indicators such as net photosynthetic rate,ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity and oxygenase activity,as well as soil urease activity,but also significantly increased the growth indices from 15.62% to47.00%,such as strawberry plant strawberry plant height,rootstock thickness,petiole length and leaf area,respectively.Moreover,root irrigation of Trichoderma+alginate have the best synergistic activity for net photosynthetic rate and soil urease.In total,the results above indicated that the combination of Trichoderma and alginic acid had the best synergistic effect on disease control and strawberry growth,which could be used as an effective means for biological control.