蔷薇科早春开花树种花形态特征与分类分析

Flower Morphological Characteristics of Rosaceae Taxa Blooming in Early Spring and Their Classification Analysis

为准确识别早春蔷薇类树种,对早春开花的37种蔷薇科相似树种33项花的形态特征进行观测分析。结果表明,(1)皱皮木瓜具线形小苞片2枚,花序可描述为簇生状伞房花序。(2)花梗、花萼、花瓣和花蕊在形状、颜色、大小、数量上均存在种间差异。聚类分析表明,37个树种可分为5类:第1类群包含李属、樱属、桃属、杏属的21个树种,第2类群为稠李,第3类群为棣棠花和重瓣棣棠花,第4类群包括苹果属和梨属的12个树种,第5类群为皱皮木瓜。基于花形态特征的聚类分析与植物分类学中各树种的分类关系一致。(3)依据主成分分析得到10个主要特征性状(小苞片形状、小苞片数量、雌蕊类型、花柱基部是否合生、子房类型、芽的类型、花梗长、萼片形状、雌蕊长和萼筒形状),这些性状在相似树种识别与分类中具有重要作用。(4)根据识别特征,编制了3月中旬至4月中旬开花的37个蔷薇科树种的平行检索表。

In order to clearly identify rosaceae plants blooming in early spring,33 morphological characteristics of 37 plant species similar to rosaceae flowering in early spring were observed.The results indicated that:(1)two linear bractlets on one peduncle of Chaenomeles speciosa,so the type of inflorescence was fascicular corymb.(2)There were obvious differences in calyx,pedicel,petals,and stamens in terms of shapes,color,sizes and quantity.The 37 plant species could be divided into 5 groups based on cluster analysis.The first group contained 21 plant species from Prunus,Cerasus,Amygdalus and Armeniaca,the second group contained Padus avium,the third group contained Kerria japonica and K.japonica f.pleniflora,the fourth group contained 12 plant species from Malus and Pyrus,the fifth group contained C.speciose.(3)Ten main characteristic traits based on PCA analysis were shape of bractlet,number of bractlet,type of pistil,whether gamogenic base of style,type of ovary,type of bud,length of peduncle,shape of sepal,length of pistil and shape of calyx tube.These traits played an important role in the recognition of similar trees.(4)Paralleled identification key including 37 rosaceae taxa blooming from mid-March to mid-April was estabilished based on identification characteristics.