基于55K SNP芯片揭示小麦育种亲本遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of wheat breeding parents revealed by 55K SNP-based microarray

为了解不同省份小麦亲本材料间的遗传多样性,以150份分布于安徽、江苏、河南、四川及山东等省份小麦种质资源为试验材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片对其进行遗传多样性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及群体结构分析。结果表明,在150份小麦材料中共检测到52,537个SNP位点,质控后共获得39,422个有效标记,其中多态性标记为38,135个,占有效标记数96.74%。多态性标记在亚基因组间分布呈现D(10,450)<A(12,365)<B(15,290);平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.315,变幅为0.068~0.375。各省供试材料平均遗传距离呈现:河南省>四川省>山东省>江苏省>安徽省;聚类分析、主成分分析和群体结构分析结果高度一致,分群结果与血缘关系、区域来源及育成单位均较为吻合。本研究表明各省份平均多态性信息含量处于中度多态水平,但材料平均遗传距离较为接近,仍需引入优质种质资源,缓解材料同质化情况,增加小麦应对逆境胁迫能力,减轻小麦实际生产中的脆弱性及风险性。

The objective of this study is to identify the genetic diversity among wheat parental materials from different provinces.To reveal the genetic diversity and population structure by using wheat 55K SNP chip,150 wheat accessions from Anhui,Jiangsu,Henan,Sichuan,and Shandong provinces were analyzed.A total of 52,537 SNP loci were detected in the 150 wheat accessions.39,422 high quality markers were obtained,of which 38,135 were polymorphic,accounting for 96.74%.The distribution of 38,135 polymorphic markers among the genomes showed the least in D subgenome(10,450),the most in B subgenome(15,290).The average polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.315,with a variation of 0.068-0.375.The averaged genetic distance of accessions differed based on the origin:Henan>Sichuan>Shandong>Jiangsu>Anhui.The results of cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and population structure analysis were highly consistent,and the clustering results were consistent with the pedigree,regional origin,and breeding group.The study revealed that the average polymorphism information content in each province was at a moderate PIC level,but the average genetic distance of the materials was close.This indicated that the high-quality germplasm resources should still be introduced to alleviate the material homogeneity,so as to increase the ability of wheat to cope with stress and reduce the vulnerability and risk in actual wheat production.