健康老年人签署生前预嘱意愿探析——基于计划行为理论视角

Analysis on the Willingness of Healthy Elderly People to Sign Living Wills--Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

目的探讨60岁及以上的健康老年人对生前预嘱的态度、签署意愿,并基于计划行为理论,从个体因素、行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制等维度探讨健康老人生前预嘱签署意愿的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法抽取208名调查样本进行问卷调查,选取8名老人进行深度访谈。结果健康老人的生前预嘱签署意愿不高,农村老人、丧偶、年龄71岁及以上有更高的签署意愿。生前预嘱的签署意愿还与家庭重要成员的支持状况、老人理解生前预嘱的能力以及生前预嘱签署后的执行难易等存在相关关系。结论基于计划行为理论构建的健康老人生前预嘱意愿理论模型具有较强的解释力,主观规范和知觉行为控制与健康老人的生前预嘱意愿有显著的相关性。

Objective:To explore the attitude and signing intention of healthy elderly people aged 60 and above towards living will,and based on the theory of planned behavior,to explore the influencing factors of healthy elderly people's signing intention from the aspects of individual factors,behavioral attitudes,subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.Method:208 samples are selected by convenience sampling method for questionnaire survey and 8 old people are selected for in-depth interview in October 2022,Results:The study finds out that the living wills of the healthy elderly are not higher than those of the rural elderly,the widowed elderly and those aged 71 and above.The willingness to sign a living will is also related to the support status of important family members,the elderly's ability to understand a living will and the difficulty of execution after the signing of a living will.Conclusion:The theoretical model of living will of the healthy elderly based on the theory of planned behavior has strong explanatory power.Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significantly correlated with the living will of the healthy elderly.