论委任统治时期英国的巴勒斯坦犹太政策——以丘吉尔的政策调整为视角

On Britain’s Palestinian Jewish Policy During the Mandate Period——From the Perspective of Churchill’s Policy Adjustment

对犹太人政策是英国在巴勒斯坦委任统治政策的重要组成部分。在该政策变迁过程中,丘吉尔发挥了重要作用。出任殖民大臣后,丘吉尔将英国在巴勒斯坦推行的“扶犹排阿”的政策进行了部分调整,减少了对犹太人的扶助。1922年,丘吉尔又通过政策白皮书将“扶犹排阿”政策调整为“抑犹压阿”政策。二战前夕,张伯伦政府在巴勒斯坦推行“限犹拉阿”的政策,该政策遭到丘吉尔的强烈抨击。然而,丘吉尔出任首相后,却大体上沿袭了他曾经强烈反对的政策。这些政策调整体现出英国在该地区强烈的功利性动机和突出的投机性策略。

The policy towards Jews is an important part of the British mandate policy in Palestine.Churchill played an important role in the process of this policy change.After assuming the post of colonial minister,Churchill partially adjusted the British policy of“supporting Jews and limiting Arabs”in Palestine,reducing the support to Jews.In 1922,Churchill adjusted the policy of“supporting Jews and limiting Arabs”to the policy of“restricting Jews and suppressing Arabs”through the policy white paper.On the eve of World War II,the Chamberlain government carried out the policy of“restricting Jews to attract Arabs”in Palestine.This policy was strongly criticized by Churchill.However,after Churchill became the British Prime Minister,he generally followed the policy he had strongly opposed.These adjustments reflect the strong utilitarian motivation and prominent speculative strategy of British policy in the region.