博学鸿儒与清初京师诗坛的宗唐诗风——以庞垲、李澄中的诗学交往为中心

The Poetic Style of the Tang Dynasty in the Poetry Circle of the Capital of the Early Qing Dynasty——Focusing on the Poetical Interactions of Pang Kai and Li Chengzhong

自入京应试博学鸿儒后,庞垲与李澄中时常切磋诗学,而且不乏共鸣。孝悌友爱与狷介清高的人格取向,使他们惺惺相惜;而推举七子而又崇尚唐诗的诗学立场,以及诗坛耆宿施闰章的积极绍介,又从不同侧面促进了他们交谊的加深与巩固。由于师法典范观念的分歧,两人对如日中天的王士禛少有附和。庞垲和李澄中标举“风人之义”与“温柔敦厚”的诗歌审美传统与创作观念,大力标举唐诗,而王士禛则对宋诗别有会心;即以双方均推崇的杜诗而论,也各有重心与偏好。庞、李二人与同年李铠、徐嘉炎、冯勖、袁佑、彭孙遹、丘象随等江南籍博学鸿儒迭相聚会,频频唱和,隐然形成了宗法唐诗的群体;在李澄中离京后,庞垲等人又与阎中宽、苏伟、黄自先、金德纯等沟通声气,从而推动了唐诗在京师诗坛的东山再起。

After they entered Beijing to take examinations,Pang Kai and Li Chengzhong often exchanged poetics and resonated with each other.Filial piety,brotherly and upright personality orientation,made them appreciate each other;The elevation of the Qizi and the worship of Tang poetry,as well as Shi Runzhang’s positive introduction and so on,contributed to the deepening and consolidation of their friendship from different aspects.Due to the difference in the concept of teaching model,the two of them keep distance with Wang Shizhen,who was very influential.Pang Kai and Li Chengzhong highlight the aesthetic traditions and creative concepts of“Thinkings of Pre-qin Poets”and“gentleness and sincerity”,they praise Tang Dynasty poetry highly;while Wang Shizhen favored Song Dynasty poetry.Even as far as Dufu’s poems,they have their own priorities and preferences.Pang Kai and Li Chengzhong Li Kai,Xu Jiayan,Feng Xu,Yuan You,Peng Sun Yu and Qiu Xiangyu got together,frequently responded with poem,formed the group of learning Tang poems;when Li Chengzhong left Beijing,Pang Kai communicated with Yan Zhongkuan,Su Wei,Huang Zixian and Jin Dechun,among others,thus promoted the revival of Tang Dynasty poetry in the Beijing poetry circle.