道德主体性与伦理他者性的融合:儒家伦理思想的德育价值转化

The Fusion of Moral Subjectivity and Ethical Otherness:the Transformation of Moral Education Value of Confucian Ethics

儒家伦理思想秉持道德主体性与伦理他者性一体融合的价值立场。道德主体性表现为内在超越与刚健有为;伦理他者性体现为主体间伦理互系共在、主体对社群的使命与责任担承;道德主体性与伦理他者性的一体融合即内圣与外王在个体道德生命建构中的伦理融化与统摄守一,这一伦理设计有效规避了主体的“单子式”僭越、主体间的伦理冲突以及主体与社群间的价值裂解。在廓清儒家伦理思想的历史局限性并保持必要的文化警惕前提下,儒家道德主体性与伦理他者性一体融合的伦理思想为当代德育理论与实践提供了双重价值参鉴。在理论理性上,当代德育首先应致力于受教育者道德主体性的生成与发展,培育其他者性伦理格局与使命自觉,最终实现道德主体性与伦理他者性的一体融合;在实践理性上,当代德育要注重道德体验与伦理实践的方法与路径。

The Confucian ethical thought upholds the value position of the integration of moral subjectivity and ethical otherness.Moral subjectivity is manifested as inner transcendence and vigorous and promising.The otherness of ethics is embodied in the mutual relationship and co-existence of ethics among subjects,and the mission and responsibility of subjects to the community;The integration of moral subjectivity and ethical otherness is the ethical fusion and unity of inner sage and outer king in the construction of individual moral life.This ethical design effectively avoids the“single”transgression of the subject,the ethical conflict between the subjects and the value splitting between the subject and the community.On the premise of clarifying the historical limitations of Confucian ethics and maintaining necessary cultural vigilance,the ethical thought of the integration of Confucian moral subjectivity and ethical otherness provides a double value reference for contemporary moral education theory and practice.Theoretically,contemporary moral education should first focus on the generation and development of the moral subjectivity of the educated,and then cultivate the ethical pattern and mission consciousness of other people.Finally,the integration of moral subjectivity and ethical otherness will be realized;In practical reason,contemporary moral education should pay attention to the methods of moral experience and ethical practice.