设施甜瓜蜜蜂授粉效果研究

Study on Pollination Effect of Honeybee on Melon in Greenhouse

为探明蜜蜂授粉对设施甜瓜的增产提质效果,本研究以在吉林省种植的设施甜瓜‘程甜脆梨’和‘甜到根’为试验材料,就蜜蜂授粉与人工授粉两种方式下的果实形态(横纵径)、品质、产量及经济效益进行了对比,结果表明:与人工授粉相比,蜜蜂授粉可以显著改善‘程甜脆梨’甜瓜的果实形态(横纵径,P<0.05),提高单果重(P<0.05),提升果实品质(可溶性糖类、可溶性固形物和Vc含量等,P<0.05),并且每公顷可提高产量32.50%,增加经济效益29.25万元;同时,蜜蜂授粉也可以显著改善‘甜到根’甜瓜的果形(纵径,P<0.05)和提高单果重(P<0.05),提升果实品质(可溶性糖类、可溶性固形物和Vc含量等,P<0.05),经蜜蜂授粉后,每公顷可提高产量31.00%、增加经济效益21万元。综上所述,采用蜜蜂授粉的设施甜瓜在果形、品质和效益上皆优于人工授粉,具有明显的增产提质效果。因此,可将设施甜瓜蜜蜂授粉技术作为一项绿色高效技术在吉林省加以运用并推广。

To investigate the effect ofhoneybee pollination on increasing the yield and quality ofcantaloupe in facilities.Inthis study,facility melons of'Cheng Sweet Crispy Pear'and'Sweet To Root'planted in Jilin province were used as experimental materials,and the fruit morphology(diameter),quality,yield and economic benefit ofhoneybee pollination and artificial pollination were compared.The results showed that honeybee pollination could significantly improve the fruit shape(horizontal and vertical diameter,P<0.05),fruit weight(P<0.05),fruit quality(soluble sugars,soluble solids and Vc content)of'Cheng Tian Crisp Pear'melons(P<0.05),increase the yield per hectare by 32.50%and enhance the economic benefit 292500 yuan compared with the artificial pollination;Honeybee pollination could also significantly improve the fruit shape(longitudinal diameter,P<0.05),single fruit weight(P<0.05)fruit quality(soluble sugars,soluble solids and Vc content)of'Sweet To Root'melons(P<0.05),increase the yield per hectare by 31.00%and enhance the economic benefit 21000 yuan.To sum up,honeybee pollination facilities melon fruit shape,quality and benefit are better than artificial pollination,it has a significant yield and quality improvement effect.Therefore,honeybee pollination technology of cantaloupe may be considered as a green and efficient technology to be applied and promoted in Jilin province.