抚仙湖流域景观格局及生态系统服务价值的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value in the Fuxian Lake Basin

抚仙湖作为我国高原大型深水型湖泊的典型代表,其景观格局的变化直接对该区域生态系统服务功能产生较大影响,因此探讨较大时间尺度背景下抚仙湖流域生态系统服务价值(ESV)随景观格局的演变具有重要意义,可为我国云南高原湖泊的可持续发展提供科学依据。使用当量因子法分析抚仙湖流域28 a间的景观格局时空演变特征,阐明其对生态系统服务价值产生的影响。结果表明,1)抚仙湖流域在28 a时间尺度内景观类型以湖泊为主,其次是乔木林地,而建设用地类的面积最小。1990-2018年,景观转换最频繁的为沼泽湿地,转出6105.54 hm^(2),转为人工湿地与工矿建设用地。2)抚仙湖流域ESV随时间尺度变化呈现先减少后增加趋势,2005年是分水岭,最低为62.46亿元。流域的总ESV贡献最大的景观类型为湖泊和乔木林地,两者价值量总占比超过85%。抚仙湖流域的景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值影响较大,因此合理调整土地结构,重视水体、林地等景观类型,才能充分发挥高原湖泊的生态系统服务价值。

Fuxian Lake is a representative of large deep-water lakes in Yunnangui Plateau in China.The change of landscape pattern of the lake will directly impact on the ecosystem service function in this area.Therefore,it is significant to assess the ecosystem servie value(ESV)along the change of the landscape pattern in the Fuxian Lake Basin in a long time scale provide a scientific reference for the sustainable development of plateau lakes in Yunnan.This paper used the equivalent factor method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in the basin in the past 28 years,and to assess its impact on the ESV.The results showed that 1)in the 28 year time scale,the landscape type of the basin was mainly water body,followed by arbor forest land,and the area of construction land was the smallest.The most frequent landscape transformation was swamp wetland,with 6105.54 hm^(2) transferred to artificial wetland and industrial&mineral land.2)The ESV of the basin decreased between 1990-2005,and then increased after the year 2005.The year of 2005 was the watershed,with a minimum of ESV,6.246 billion yuan.The landscape types with the largest contribution to the total ESV of the basin were water body and arbor forest land,which accounted for more than 85%of the total value.The evolution of landscape pattern in the basin has a great impact on ESV.To bring into full play of the ESV of plateau lakes,it is important to adjust the land structure and pay more attention to landscape types such as water body and forest land.