基于GIS的城市火灾风险评估与应用研究——以南充市中心区为例

GIS-based urban fire risk assessment and application——Taking Nanchong city center as an example

为科学评估南充市中心区火灾风险状况,指导未来消防站选址,在收集,整理与分析历史火灾数据的基础上,结合城市POI数据,利用层次分析法,构建火灾风险评估体系。结合GIS核密度分析功能,得到南充市火灾风险等级图。利用GIS网络分析,对南充市中心区现存6座消防站5分钟覆盖范围进行模拟。结果表明,现存消防站未能完全覆盖火灾高风险区域。为此,提出未来应新增8座消防站才可以保证南充市中心区100%的区域内满足5分钟消防救援的建议与对策。

In order to scientifically evaluate the fire risk situation of Nanchong City Center and guide the site selection of fire stations in the future,based on the collection,sorting and analysis of historical fire data,combined with urban POI data,the use of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to build a fire risk assessment system.Combined with GIS kernel density analysis function,the fire risk grade map of Nanchong City was obtained.Using GIS network analysis,the 5-minute coverage of 6 existing fire stations in Nanchong City center was simulated.The results showed that the existing fire stations failed to fully cover the high-risk areas.Therefore,the suggestion and countermeasures are put forward that 8 fire stations should be added in the future to ensure that 100%of the area in Nanchong downtown can meet the 5-minute fire rescue.