可生物降解泡沫材料的研究进展

Research progress on biodegradable foaming materials

大量以石化资源为原料的传统有机泡沫材料的使用加剧了此类资源的枯竭,且其废弃物于自然环境中难以降解,严重污染环境。与此相比,可生物降解泡沫具有生物相容性、生物降解性和可再生性,是一种环境友好材料,受到了世界各国的广泛关注。本文对比了挤出发泡、模压发泡和冷冻干燥发泡3种常见可生物降解泡沫材料的发泡工艺及原理、应用及优缺点,介绍了发泡工艺对材料性能及应用的影响,指出利用天然高分子化合物或其他可再生资源模拟天然泡沫的微观化学网络结构制备高性能可生物降解泡沫的工艺具有巨大的发展潜力;综述了天然泡沫、仿生泡沫和生物质泡沫3种泡沫材料的研究现状,重点探讨了草木类、非异氰酸酯类和木质纤维素泡沫材料的研究进展,分析了典型发泡配方及各组分作用,指出绿色介质、提高塑性及配方的进一步开发是未来可生物降解泡沫材料的发展及研究方向。

The use of a large number of traditional organic foam materials using petrochemical resources as raw materials has aggravated the depletion of such resources and their wastes are difficult to degrade in the natural environment,which seriously pollutes the environment.In contrast,biodegradable foam is biocompatible,biodegradable and renewable,and is an environmentally friendly material that has received extensive attention.This paper compares foaming technologies,principles,applications,advantages and disadvantages of extrusion foaming,molding foaming and freeze-drying foaming,and introduced the influence of foaming process on material properties and application,and thus it has great development potential to prepare high-performance biodegradable foam by using natural polymer compounds or other renewable resources to simulate the microscopic and chemical network structure of natural foam.Then,this review summarizes the related research status on natural foam,bionic green foam and biomass foam,and focused on discussing research progress of plants and wood,non-isocyanate and lignocellulosic foams.Furthermore,the typical foaming formula compositions and functions are analyzed.It is pointed out that the further exploration of green medium,plasticity improving and formula is the future development and research direction of biodegradable foaming materials.