内蒙古籽用西葫芦种子病毒鉴定及消毒效果评价

Virus identification and evaluation of disinfection effect of seed-used pumpkin(Cucurbita pepo L.)in Inner Mongolia

【目的】对内蒙古籽用西葫芦种子病毒进行鉴定,明确其种子携带病毒的情况;对带毒种子进行不同消毒处理,筛选出有效的消毒方法,为内蒙古地区籽用西葫芦病毒病的防治提供依据。【方法】采集具有典型病毒病症状的金粒1号、金丰娇子、瑞丰9号、金丰光板、希望9号、晶莹118籽用西葫芦种子,对其进行反转录PCR检测及病毒序列分析对比,采用温汤、干热、磷酸三钠、盐酸、药剂等对带毒种子进行消毒处理,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测带毒量,测定消毒种子的发芽率和发芽势。【结果】采用反转录PCR扩增,在6个品种籽用西葫芦种子中检测到黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒(zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)、西瓜花叶病毒(watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)。通过5种处理方法对籽用西葫芦种子进行消毒,结果表明,温汤、干热、磷酸三钠、盐酸和药剂处理均能不同程度地降低籽用西葫芦种子带毒量,其中磷酸三钠处理对CMV的消毒率为99.68%,药剂处理对ZYMV的消毒率为99.74%,温汤处理对WMV的消毒率为99.89%,且不影响种子的发芽率和发芽势。【结论】内蒙古籽用西葫芦种子病毒病病原为CMV、ZYMV、WMV,且存在复合侵染。磷酸三钠处理对籽用西葫芦种子病毒病消除效果最佳。

【Objective】To provide basis for the prevention and treatment of Cucurbita pepo L.seed virus disease in Inner Mongolia region,the pathogen identification and disinfection of seeds were carried out,the virus carrying situation of seeds was clarified and effective disinfection methods were evaluated.【Method】RT-PCR detection and virus DNA sequence analysis were performed on seeds of Cucurbita pepo L.with typical virus disease symptoms including Jinli 1,Jinfengjiaozi,Ruifeng 9,Jinfengguangban,Hope 9 and Jingying 118.The poisonous seeds were treated with warm water,dry heat,trisodium phosphate,hydrochloric acid and pharmaceutical,and the virulence was detected by RT-qPCR.Germination rate and germination potential of virus free seeds were also determined.【Result】Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV)and watermelon mosaic virus(WMV)were detected by RT-PCR in 6 varieties of Cucurbita pepo L.The results of 5 seed disinfection methods showed that warm water treatment,dry heat treatment,trisodium phosphate treatment,hydrochloric acid treatment and pharmaceutical treatment reduced the toxicity of seeds to different extents.The detoxification rate of trisodium phosphate treatment to CMV was 99.68%,that of pharmaceutical treatment to ZYMV was 99.74%,and that of warm soup treatment to WMV was 99.89%.The disinfection methods had no adverse effects on germination rate and germination potential of seeds.【Conclusion】The pathogens of seed virus disease of Cucurbita pepo L.in Inner Mongolia region were CMV,ZYMV and WMV,and there existed compound infection.Trisodium phosphate treatment was the best for removal of seed virus diseases of Cucurbita pepo L.