妊娠期补饲精料对陕北白绒山羊日增重及肉绒品质的影响

Effects of concentrate supplementation during pregnancy on daily weight gain and quality of meat and cashmere in Shanbei white cashmere goats

为了解决陕北地区白绒山羊母羊产羔后营养不足导致体况恢复和生长缓慢问题,试验以600只陕北白绒山羊为研究对象,300只补饲精料记为补饲组,300只不补饲精料记为对照组,从补饲组和对照组各选取60只不同月龄的怀孕母羊及其所产羔羊(每组均为公母各半,且所有羔羊同一天出生)为监测对象,在母羊产羔日和羔羊出栏时测定母羊及羔羊体重,计算不同月龄母羊、羔羊日增重,同时测定出栏羔羊肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、干物质含量及肌肉剪切力、熟肉率、失水率和羊绒长度、细度、断裂强度指标,探究补饲精料和不补饲精料对陕北白绒山日增重及肉绒品质的影响。结果表明:补饲组和对照组12~18月龄母羊日增重显著高于18月龄以上母羊(P<0.05),随补祠时间延长,补饲组母羊体重均增加,但随月龄的增加,母羊日增重逐渐减少;对照组除12~18月龄母羊体重增加外,18月龄以上母羊体重均在降低,且随月龄的增加,母羊日减重逐渐增加。补饲组公母羔羊日增重较对照组公母羔羊分别显著提高12.32%和13.23%(P<0.05),补饲组和对照组公羔日增重较母羔显著提高8.31%和9.19%(P<0.05)。补饲组羔羊出栏时肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、干物质含量及肌肉剪切力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而粗灰分含量和熟肉率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);妊娠期补饲没有对羔羊出栏时肌肉失水率和羊绒品质产生显著影响,但失水率和羊绒长度、细度均增加(P>0.05),断裂强度则降低(P>0.05)。说明妊娠期补饲对母羊和羔羊日增重及肉绒品质均有积极的影响。

In order to solve the problem of body condition recovery and slow growth caused by insufficient nutrition after lambing of white cashmere goats ewe in northern Shanxi area, a total of 600 Shanbei white cashmere goats were taken as objects for this study, 300 sheep in the supplementary feeding group were supplemented with concentrate, and 300 sheep in the control group were not supplemented with concentrate. Sixty pregnant female animals with different months of age and their lambs(male/female=1∶1) were selected from the supplementary feeding group and the control group as monitoring objects, respectively. The body weight of the ewes and lambs was measured at the lambing day of the ewes and at the time of the lamb slaughter emergence, and the daily weight gain of ewes and lambs at different months of age was calculated. In addition, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and dry matter in the muscle and the indices including muscle shear force, cooked meat rate, water loss rate and cashmere length, fineness and breaking strength were determined to explore the impacts of concentrate supplement and no concentrate supplement on the daily weight gain and the meat and cashmere quality of Shanbei white cashmere goats. The result showed that the daily weight gain of the 12-18-month-old female animals were significantly higher than that above 18-month-old female animals(P<0.05). In the supplementary feeding group, the body weight of female animals at different months increased, but the daily weight gain of female animals decreased with increasing of month age. In the control group, the weight of female animals aged from 12-18 months increased, but the weight of female animals aged above 18 months decreased, and the daily weight loss of female animals gradually increased with the increase of age. Compared with the control group, the daily weight gain of male and female lambs in the supplementary feeding group was significantly increased by 12.32% and 13.23%(P<0.05), respectively. Compared with female lambs, the daily weight gain of male lambs in the supplement group and the control group was significantly increased by 8.31% and 9.19%(P<0.05), respectively. The contents of crude protein, crude fat and dry matter in the muscle and the muscle shear force in the supplemented group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05), while the crude ash content and cooked meat rate in the supplemented group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Supplementary feeding in the gestation period did not significantly alter the muscle water loss rate and cashmere quality, but the water loss rate and the length and fineness of cashmere were increased(P>0.05), while breaking strength was decreased(P>0.05). These results indicated that supplementary feeding in the gestational period had positive impacts on the daily weight gain and the meat and cashmere quality of female animals and lambs.