“营改增”对企业创业活力的影响研究——对地级市的测度和实证

Research on the Impact of “Replacing Business Tax with Value-Added Tax” on Entrepreneurial Vitality of Enterprises——Measurement and Demonstration of Prefecture-Level Cities

“营改增”作为中国近年来的一项重要税制改革,其目的不仅是大规模减税降费,减轻企业税负,更重要的是切实减少实体经济成本,激发经济市场主体活力,培育经济新动能。本文利用2009—2016年中国新增企业注册数据,采用双重差分法,以“营改增”政策作为准自然实验,考察“营改增”政策改革对于企业创业活力的影响。并在此基础上,分析“营改增”对企业创业活力的年度差异性。研究发现,“营改增”提升了企业创业活力,但在试点城市和非试点城市之间呈现作用略有区别;同时,由于行业壁垒,其政策效应也不尽相同。时间异质性检验表明,“营改增”的政策效应在政策实施当年及第二年逐渐表现出抑制作用,并在之后两年呈现出显著的激发作用。本文研究结论将为我国税制改革提供企业创业层面的实践启示。

“Replacing business tax with value-added tax”is an important tax reform in China in recent years.Its purpose is not only to reduce taxes and fees on a large scale and reduce the tax burden of enterprises, but more importantly to effectively reduce the cost of the real economy, stimulate more vitality of market subjects and vigorously promote new economic momentum. Based on the data of newly registered enterprises in China from 2009 to 2016, this paper adopts differential difference method and takes the policy of replacing business tax with value-added tax as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the impact of the policy reform on the entrepreneurial vitality of enterprises. On this basis, the annual difference of VAT reform on enterprise entrepreneurial vitality is analyzed. The results show that“replacing business tax with value-added tax”significantly improves the entrepreneurial vitality of enterprises, but the effect is slightly different between pilot cities and non-pilot cities. At the same time, due to industry barriers, its policy effects are not the same. The annual heterogeneity test shows that the policy effect of“replacing business tax with value-added tax”gradually shows a restraining effect in the year and the second year of policy implementation, and a significant promoting effect in the following two years. The research conclusion of this paper provides experience for China’s tax reform at the entrepreneurial level.