数据产权结构性分置的法律实现

On the Realization of the Structural Division of Data Property Rights in Law

数据产权结构性分置是“数据作为新型生产要素”参与市场化配置的必然选择,其法律实现首先需对数据进行分类,在此基础上再进行数据产权的结构化分置,具体表现为产权内容的结构性分置与产权客体的类型化实现。在产权内容上,应根据数据来源的广泛性和数据价值的成长性特征对数据价值形成中的不同利益主体进行权利构造,以充分体现数据生命的全周期特征,数据逐步呈现出从单一的权利义务关系趋向复合的权利义务关系、从平面的权利样态发展为立体的权利样态、从静态赋权走向动态界权的趋势与特点。在产权构建上,应以企业数据和公共数据为分类基础构建数据产权,不涉及个人数据;在与商业秘密区分的基础上将企业数据限缩在公开数据上,并将其区分为企业数据集合和企业数据产品两类,分别以邻接权模式和著作权模式构建其产权配置方案;公共数据上则应创设公共数据国家所有权,并形成国有公用公共数据与国有私用公共数据两类不同的产权实现路径。

The structural division of data property rights is an inevitable choice for"data as a new production factor"to participate in the market allocation.Its realization in law should be started with classification and confirmation of data rights and then with the structural division,as typically demonstrated in the structural division of data rights and the type-based realization of property rights objects.In terms of data rights themselves,the rights for dfferent interest entities arising from the formation of data value should be constructed according to the wide range of data sources and the growing data value to reflect the full life-cycle of data so as to change data from a single right-obligation relationship to a complicated one,from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional pattern and from static right granting to dynamic adjustment.In constructing data property rights,the corporate data and public data,not the personal data,should be the basis for classification.By distinguishing from the trade secrets,the corporate data should be limited to public data which are also classified as corporate data collection and corporate data products structured by neighboring rights and absolute rights.In respect of public data,the right of state-owned public data should be created and classified as state-owned public data for public use and state-owned public data for private use.