比较叙事学在何种条件下成立?

To What Extent Is Comparative Narratology Possible ?

罗兰·巴特在《叙事作品结构分析导论》中写到,叙事既可以通过语言,也可以通过影像来传达。以热拉尔·热奈特为代表的另一些叙事学家则认为,从严格意义上说,电影不是叙述,甚至没有叙述者。很多电影叙事学专著都致力于阐明这种来自文学叙事学的立场是有问题的。因此我们需要开辟第三条路径:比较叙事学。本文阐述了比较叙事学成立的条件:以语用学的研究使跨媒体的多元对象解体。这种方法论提醒人们不再根据表达材料来思考叙事学,而是思考"媒介叙事学"的真正涵义。

Although Barthes,in his programmatic article,"Introduction to the Analysis of Narrative"(1966),wrote that Narrative could be conveyed by language as well as by image,some narratologists-Genette at the head of them-,film"does not tell",strictly speaking,even that film has no narrator.This position which ema-nates from literary narratology is problematic and amazing when we know the many books that have been de-voted to this issue by specialists in cinematic narrative.Between the autonomy of narratology and the aspira-tion to a general theory,it is therefore urgent to follow a third way:comparative narratology.What are the conditions for the possibility of such a narratology?To answer this question,I show that a multi-object,as seen in transmedia,makes the structural approach explode and requires a pragmatic approach.This methodologi-cal extension to the context prompts us to no longer think of narratology according to matters of expression,but to question what"media narratology"means.