生物靶向治疗支气管哮喘的研究进展

Research progress of biological targeted therapy for bronchial asthma

支气管哮喘(BA)(简称哮喘)是由多种细胞(嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞成员组成的气道慢性炎症性疾病。严重哮喘常反复发作、迁延不愈,咳嗽、胸闷、气短、喘憋等症状较难缓解,会对生活质量产生重大影响。目前推荐联合使用大剂量吸入皮质类固醇及长效支气管扩张剂的标准疗法,但仍有部分患者不能得到充分控制,结果增加了患者的精神和身体负担,并增加了治疗费用。哮喘是一种具有多种表型的异质性疾病,在疾病的严重性、气道炎症的类型以及治疗药物中都表现出很大的变异性,其由多种病理生理机制或内型引起。临床需针对不同哮喘患者的个体发病机制进行个体化治疗,而靶向生物制剂为哮喘患者带来了新希望。对生物靶向制剂治疗哮喘的新进展进行综述。

Bronchial asthma(hereinafter referred to as asthma)is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways composed of multiple cells(eosinophils,mast cells,T-lymphocytes,airway epithelial cells,etc.)and cellular components.Severe asthma is often recurrent and prolonged,and symptoms such as cough,chest tightness,shortness of breath,and wheezing are difficult to relieve,which seriously affects the patient's quality of life.At present,standard treatment with a combination of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)and long-acting bronchodilators is recommended,but some patients still cannot be adequately controlled.This increases the patients'physical and mental burden and treatment costs.Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes,with wide variation in disease severity,type of airway inflammation,and therapeutic drugs,caused by a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms or endotypes.Individualized treatment for different individual pathogenesis in asthma patients is required,and targeted biological agents provide new hope for asthma patients.In this paper,the research progress of biological targeting agents in the treatment of asthma was reviewed.