miRNA在前列腺癌诊断与治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of miRNAs in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

前列腺癌是男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一,随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高及生活结构的改变,其发病率与死亡率逐年增加,但是根本原因尚未完全明确。前列腺癌的发生发展是多基因协同作用的过程。miRNA作为一类内源性、非编码蛋白质的小RNA分子,控制多个基因的表达,在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等过程中发挥重要的作用。近年来,大量研究表明,miRNA在前列腺癌中表达显著异常,通过调控多种信号通路调节前列腺癌的发生和发展,在前列腺癌的诊断、治疗、预后中均具有重要价值。综述了miRNA的起源、形成、生物学特性及其在前列腺癌诊疗中的应用潜力,以期从分子生物学的角度深入认识前列腺癌,为临床诊疗提供新思考。

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in adult males,and its morbidity and mortality keep growing year after year.However,the pathogenesis is not understood clearly yet.The development of prostate cancer is a synergistic,multi-gene process.MicroRNA(miRNA),as small ribonucleic acid molecules and a class of non-coding small RNAs,controls the expression of several genes and plays an important role in cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.In recent years,emerging evidence shows that the miRNAs are significantly abnormally expressed in prostate cancer and that they can target multiple signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer,which has important value in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of prostate cancer.In this paper,the origin,formation,and biological properties of miRNAs,as well as their potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer,were reviewed with the aim of providing an in-depth understanding of prostate cancer from the perspective of molecular biology and new thinking for clinical diagnosis and treatment.