小型化原子重力仪及应用

Miniaturized Atom Gravimeter and Its Application

重力场是地球基本物理场之一,随时间变化,随空间分布。精密重力测量在资源勘探、地质调查、导航制导、地球物理及基础科学研究等领域都具有重要意义。重力仪是高精度测量重力加速度不可或缺的仪器,可分为绝对和相对重力仪两类。基于物质波干涉技术的原子重力仪是一种新型绝对重力仪,经过30多年的发展,目前已进入小型化研究和实用化演示阶段。首先,简要介绍了精密重力测量的意义、高精度重力测量现状、原子干涉重力测量的基本原理以及高精度原子干涉重力测量的研究现状。然后以应用场景分类详细介绍了当前国内外小型化原子重力仪的研制及应用情况,重点介绍了华中科技大学在小型化原子重力仪研制及应用测试方面所做的工作。最后,对小型化原子重力仪的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

Gravity field is one of the fundamental physical fields of the earth,which changes with time and distributes with space.Precision gravity measurement is of great significance in the fields of resource exploration,geological survey,navigation and guidance,geophysics and fundamental scientific research.Gravimeters are indispensable for measuring the acceleration of gravity with high precision,which can be classified into absolute and relative gravimeters.Atom gravimeter is a new type of absolute gravimeter based on matter-wave interference technology.After more than 30 years of development,it is considerably grown in maturity to the phase of miniaturized research and practical demonstration.In this paper,the significance of precision gravimetry is firstly summarized,the status of gravity measurement is reviewed,the principles of atomic gravimetry and the developments of high-precision atom gravimeter are described.Then,the current manufacture and application of miniaturized atom gravimeters are reviewed in detail following the classifications of their application scenarios,with emphasis on the works about the development of miniaturized atom gravimeters at Huazhong University of Science and Technology.In the end,the development and application prospects of miniaturized atom gravimeter are proposed.