激光陀螺原理、现状及展望

Fundamental Principle, Current Status and Prospect of Ring Laser Gyroscope

激光陀螺作为激光器诞生以来最为革命性的应用之一,如今已有近60年的发展历史。它是第一次量子技术革命的典型代表,为超精密惯性导航及姿态控制等领域带来了颠覆性的变革,高性能激光陀螺现已成为从惯性传感控制到基础科学领域不可或缺的核心部件。首先从Sagnac效应基本原理出发,深入浅出地介绍了激光陀螺的核心参数、基本构型以及关键加工工艺,并从惯性导航和基础科学两方面回顾了近几十年来激光陀螺的应用发展历程。此外,以激光全量子理论的视角,深入分析了激光陀螺目前面临的发展困难以及所要解决的主要矛盾。其次,结合当今先进制造发展水平,介绍了微型激光陀螺的发展现状,并指出目前片上光学陀螺发展短板及未来研究趋势。最后,依据光量子基本规律,为进一步优化激光陀螺量子噪声及解决闭锁效应两个重要问题提出研究展望。

As one of the most revolutionary applications since the birth of lasers,ring laser gyroscopes have been studied nearly 60 years.It is a typical representative of the first quantum technology revolution,which has brought subversive changes to the fields of ultra-precision inertial navigation and attitude control.High-performance laser gyroscopes have now become an indispensable core component from inertial sensing control to basic science.Firstly,starting from the fundamental principle of the Sagnac effect,the core parameters,basic configuration and key processing technology of laser gyroscopes are introduced.The application and development of laser gyroscopes in recent decades are reviewed in terms of inertial navigation and basic science.In addition,current difficulties of laser gyroscopes and the main contradictions to be solved are deeply analyzed based on quantum optics theory.Secondly,combined with the current ability of advanced manufacturing,development of micro-laser gyroscopes is introduced,and shortcomings and future research trends of on-chip optical gyroscopes are put forward.Finally,according to the basic laws of optical quantum,research prospects of optimizing the quantum noise of laser gyroscopes and solving the lock-in effect are proposed.