基于SWAT模型的寒区小流域径流模拟及径流成分研究

Run0-off simulation and run-off component study of small watershed in cold region based on SWAT model

由于冻土、降雪及融雪入渗等影响因素的特殊性,寒区流域产汇流特性都有别于非冻区,使寒区径流模拟研究较为困难,已有的研究内容对寒区小流域的径流模拟研究以及径流成分分析还比较少。为探讨寒区小流域径流模拟方法并分析流域内径流成分组成,以永翠河流域为研究区域,选取1994—2015年共22年的水文气象资料,构建SWAT模型,以决定系数(R2)和效率系数Nash-Sutcliffe(NSE)评价SWAT模型的适用性,并基于构建的SWAT模型分析永翠河流域径流成分组成。结果表明,SWAT模型能够较好的模拟寒区小流域的径流过程,各径流成分中壤中流占比最大,地表径流次之,地下水占比最小,且三种径流成分产水量总体都呈现上升趋势。

Due to the particularity of influencing factors such as frozen soil,snowfall and snowmelt infiltration,the runoff production and confluence characteristics of cold watershed are different from those of non-frozen region,which makes it more difficult to simulate runoff in cold region.There are only a few research contents on runoff simulation and runoff component analysis of small watershed in cold region.In order to explore the runoff simulation method for small watersheds in cold regions and analyze the components of runoff in the watersheds,the Yongcui River Basin was taken as the research area,and the hydrometeorological data of 22 years from 1994 to 2015 were selected to construct the SWAT model.The applicability of the SWAT model was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination(R2)and the coefficient of efficiency(Nash-Sutcliffe).Based on the SWAT model,the runoff components of Yongcui River Basin were analyzed.The results show that the SWAT model can well simulate the runoff process of small watershed in cold area.Among the runoff components,the proportion of soil runoff is the largest,followed by surface runoff,and the proportion of groundwater is the smallest.The water yield of the three runoff components is on the rise.