“双向嵌入”视角下美国对湄公河水资源问题的介入

U.S.Intervention in Mekong River Water Resources from the“Two⁃way Embedded”Perspective

2020年9月,“湄公河—美国伙伴关系”正式启动,取代了由奥巴马政府发起的“湄公河下游倡议”,水资源合作成为该新机制的核心议题之一。在湄公河水资源问题上,美国的战略意图日益明确,合作路径也持续更新,地区的影响力迅速拓展,给中国周边安全埋下重大隐患。因此,美国对湄公河水资源问题的介入,成为当前中国周边外交值得关注的重要问题。本文尝试提出“双向嵌入”分析框架,认为美国对湄公河地区水资源问题的介入是治理和竞争双向互动的过程,在“治理整合”维度上,主要是以其资金和知识的优势提高治理能力为基础,以整合共同利益强化利益合作为动力,以及时抢占时机扩大舆论引导效果为手段来介入湄公河地区水资源治理。在竞争驱动维度下,美国主要是以加强双多边伙伴关系来扩大地区影响力,以升级机制建设来谋求“制度霸权”,以价值观和话语的双重输出来推广其治理理念,从而在“影响力”“制度”以及“理念”三个方面完成对中国的竞争。

In September 2020,“Mekong⁃US Partnership”was officially launched,replacing the“Lower Mekong Initiative”initiated by the Obama Administration of the US,and water resources cooperation be⁃came one of the core issues of the new mechanism.In terms of the issue of water resources around the Me⁃kong region,the US has increasingly clarified its strategic intention,constantly updated its cooperation path,and rapidly expanded its influence in the region,posing a major potential risk for China’s peripheral security.Therefore,the intervention of the United States in Mekong River water resources has become China’s important concern about peripheral affairs.This paper attempts to employ the“two⁃way embedded”analytical framework,and holds that the intervention of the United States in Mekong River water resources is a process of“two⁃way”interaction between governance and competition.In the dimension of“governance integration”,the United States mainly improves its governance capacity based on its advantages in capital and knowledge,and it is driven by integrating common interests to strengthen the cooperation in order to timely seize the opportunity to expand the effect of public opinion as a means to intervene in the Mekong water resources management.In the“competition⁃driven”dimension,the United States mainly expands its re⁃gional influence by strengthening bilateral and multilateral partnerships,seeks“institutional hegemony”by upgrading institutional construction,and promotes its governance concept by exporting values and discourse,so as to achieve its competition with China materially,institutionally and conceptually.