近代上海高校哲学系的兴起与衰落

The Rise and Decline of the Departments of Philosophy in Universities in Modern Shanghai

20世纪20年代中后期,受五四新文化运动时期“哲学热”余波影响,加之各私立大学为追求规模而滥设科系,上海高校哲学系逐渐兴办起来,30年代以后却普遍衰落乃至停办。抗战胜利后,国民政府教育部为发扬文化、复兴学术,指定同济大学创办哲学系,三年后因政权鼎革而并入复旦大学社会学系。近代上海高校哲学系两次从兴起到衰落的转变,既有上海缺乏高水平综合性国立大学的原因,也与国民政府教育部缺乏科学、公正的教育决策有直接关系。

The philosophy departments of modern Shanghai universities were generally established in the middle and late 1920s,affected by the aftereffect of the“philosophy fever”during the May 4th New Culture Movement,it was also related to the number of newly built private universities in Shanghai and the indiscriminate establishment of departments in pursuit of scale.After the 1930s,the philosophy departments of Shanghai universities declined generally and even ceased to operate.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the Ministry of Education of the National Government designated Tongji University to establish a philosophy department for the sake of promoting culture and reviving learning.Three years later,it was incorporated into the Department of Sociology of Fudan University due to the change of political power.The philosophy departments of modern Shanghai universities experienced two transitions from rise to decline,which was not only due to the lack of high-level comprehensive national universities in Shanghai but also directly related to the lack of scientific and fair education decision-making by the Ministry of Education of the National Government.