网络时代制造企业转型升级的内在机理与路径设计——基于战略生态位管理理论

The Mechanism of Manufacturing Enterprise Transformation and Upgrading in the Internet Age:Based on Strategic Niche Management Theory

长期以来我国企业被锁定在全球价值链的低端,根本原因是技术创新、市场创新以及技术与市场协同创新乏力,技术产业化、市场高端化及双自联动的效应没有得到充分发挥。互联网技术可以缓解制造企业技术能力不足和市场竞争乏力的约束,但制造企业在转型升级过程中又面临着“制度瓶颈”和“界面割裂”的双重难题。为了把战略生态位管理理论融入企业转型升级的内在过程,本文基于生态位态势理论设计了转型升级的评价指标体系来深入研究网络时代企业转型升级的影响因素与内在机理,提出了基于互联网的技术化路径、市场化路径以及协同化路径,以求从整体上重塑制造企业自主创新与自主品牌的内生性原动力。研究发现,企业技术创新、商业模式再造与组织结构优化是决定制造企业转型升级的序参量,通过技术创新形成技术生态位、商业模式再造形成市场生态位、组织结构优化形成组织生态位,通过“技术-市场-组织”的协同演化逐步实现技术产业化、市场高端化、组织平台化,共同推进制造企业的转型升级。

At present,China's manufacturing enterprises are"locked"in the low-end of the global value chain,and there are many risks such as path dependence,value poverty,strategic marginalization,vicious competition and industrial hollowing,etc.The fundamental reason is the weakness of technological innovation,market innovation and synergistic innovation of technology and market,and the industrialization of technology,high-end market and The effect of double selflinkage has not been given full play.Internet technology can alleviate the constraint of insufficient technical capability and weak market competition of manufacturing enterprises,but manufacturing enterprises are facing the double problems of"system bottleneck"and"interface fragmentation"in the process of transformation and upgrading.In order to embed the technological,market and organizational ecological niches into the internal process of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises,this paper designs an evaluation index system for transformation and upgrading based on the ecological niche theory,including resource status,organizational structure,business model,environmental adaptation,technological innovation and enterprise decision making,to deeply study the influencing factors and internal mechanism of transformation and upgrading of enterprises in the network era,and proposes the Internet-based technological,market-based and collaborative approaches.The study also proposes the Internet-based technological,market-oriented and collaborative paths in order to reshape the endogenous driving force of manufacturing enterprises'independent innovation and brands.The study finds that technological innovation,business model reengineering and organizational structure optimization are the sequential parameters that determine the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises.Manufacturing enterprises can realize technological,market and organizational changes through the construction,optimization and leap of strategic ecological niche,forming technological ecological niche through technological innovation,market ecological niche through business model reengineering,and organizational ecological niche through organizational structure optimization to promote the synergistic evolution of“technology-market-organization”to gradually realize technology industrialization,market high-end and organizational platform.This paper discusses the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in the network era.The new insights of the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in the network era include:First,in the network era,the transformation and upgrading process of manufacturing enterprises becomes more and more complicated.Manufacturing enterprises need to focus on the information of technology development trend and market user demand in the network era to choose the appropriate transformation and upgrading path;second,manufacturing enterprises need to strengthen the corresponding ecological factors to guide the formation of strategic ecological position,turn innovation results into actual productivity,and help enterprises achieve new heterogeneity and sustainable competitive advantage from within;third,focus on the synergy between technology,market and organization Behavior,the fit between technology,market and organization can ensure the accurate and timely interaction of relevant information in the whole process of transformation and upgrading,thus helping enterprises to make quick and effective decisions and realize the needs of enterprise transformation and upgrading.