民营企业家农民出身、社会地位感知与亲社会行为

Rural Background of Private Entrepreneurs,Social Status Perception and Prosocial Behaviors

目前关于民营企业家亲社会行为的研究忽略了民营企业家社会出身的印记效应及其社会地位感知的影响。本文基于第11次中国私营企业抽样调查数据,考察民营企业家农民出身以及社会地位感知差异对亲社会行为的影响。结果表明,相对于非农民出身的民营企业家,农民出身的民营企业家具有更强的亲社会行为。机制分析表明,农民出身的民营企业家由于依赖他人及所建立的人际关系来获取帮助,以及因为共情而对社会发展的关注,进而产生亲社会行为。进一步分析表明,男性民营企业家以及年龄越大、教育水平越高的民营企业家更能促进该效应。此外,当农民出身的民营企业家社会地位感知越高,越有利于促进亲社会行为,并且社会地位感知越高也有助于强化农民出身与亲社会行为的正向关系。本文研究结论揭示了民营企业家的农民出身以及社会地位感知有助于增进企业亲社会行为实践,对相关部门鼓励民营企业家进行亲社会行为实践具有重要启示。

With the rapid development of private economy and the improvement of the social status of private entrepreneurs,some private entrepreneurs actively participate in prosocial behaviors to repay the society.However,existing studies simply divide the social status of entrepreneurs into two levels for static analysis,ignoring the imprinting effect of the background of private entrepreneurs and the dynamic change of the social status of entrepreneurs.Therefore,this paper mainly tries to explain two research questions.First,the internal relationship between the background of different social status and prosocial behaviors of private entrepreneurs?Second,with the development of private economy,how does the social status'change of private entrepreneurs play a role?Based on the data of the 1lth National Sample survey of private enterprises,this paper examines the influence of the change background and social status of private entrepreneurs on prosocial behavior.The empirical results show that,compared with the no-rural background of private entrepreneurs,the rural background of private entrepreneurs have more prosocial behaviors.The improvement of social status is conducive to promoting the prosocial behaviors of private entrepreneurs,and the social status of private entrepreneurs is conducive to promoting the positive relationship between the rural background and the prosocial behaviors.This paper mainly has the following theoretical contributions.First,based on imprinting theory,this paper focuses on the impact of rural background on the social rewarding behaviors of private entrepreneurs,and explains whether the social status of private entrepreneurs causes differences in their social rewarding behaviors,including social donation activities and environmental protection.Previous studies have explored the influence of an entrepreneur's current social status on prosocial behavior,ignoring the historical effects of personal experiences in the major growth stages of an entrepreneur's life.By studying the social origins of entrepreneurs,we can understand the differences in their prosocial behaviors from the root.Second,this paper explains the role of private entrepreneurs'social status perception from the perspective of social psychological cognition.Previous studies mostly analyzed the current status cognition of private entrepreneurs based on institutional legitimacy,resource dependence and other perspectives,so they mainly explained their spontaneous or passive prosocial behaviors under social supervision,and paid little attention to the social psychological cognition of entrepreneur status.Third,the different perception of social status of private entrepreneurs may also change the effect of prosocial behavior on social origin of private entrepreneurs,that is,the prosocial tendency of original social origin may be enhanced or weakened due to the development of experience or individual sense of self-mastery.This paper reveals that the effect of the imprinting effect of individual social origin is influenced by the individuals'social status.This paper also has some practical suggestions.This paper reveals that private entrepreneurs from rural backgrounds are the beneficiaries of the economic reform and open up,and they grow through the help of the society and the government.With the improvement of their own identity and status,they are more willing to repay the society through the practice of prosocial behavior.Therefore,there are several ways to encourage a group of private entrepreneurs from farmers to actively participate in social welfare undertakings.First,private entrepreneurs generally care about their social status,so the government should strengthen the demands of private entrepreneurs,improve their subjective political status,and urge them to pay more attention to people's livelihood and low-income groups.Second,the government should attach importance to the interests of private enterprises in enterprise control and resource allocation policies,increase the sense of superiority and gain of private entrepreneurs,improve their subjective social and economic status,and encourage them to choose more prosocial behaviors and cooperate with the government or society.Third,the government should not only improve the recognition of private economy in the system level,but also further enhance the economic and social status of private entrepreneurs in the policy level.This will help to further improve the social contribution of private enterprises at the micro level.