期望与现实的落差:从生涯规划看专项计划学生毕业选择

The Gap Between Expectation and Reality:Graduation Choice of College Students Recruited under the Special Admission Policy from the Perspective of Career Planning

高校倾斜性招生计划扩大了弱势群体的优质高等教育入学机会,但最终是否影响弱势群体的教育结果缺乏相关实证研究。对14位经由国家和高校专项计划进入重点高校的本科毕业生进行深度访谈,探讨专项计划学生大学毕业选择及其影响因素。研究发现,专项计划学生的毕业期望与现实之间存在着较大落差,毕业期望的落空与生涯规划意识和规划行为紧密相关,阻碍其生涯规划形成的三大因素可归纳为任其自然的家庭教养方式、模糊的自我认知与有偏差的目标定位。研究建议,地方教育行政部门、高中和高校应注重和完善专项计划学生的生涯规划教育,弥补其家庭资本劣势带来的一系列成长性发展困境,加强针对性支持和培养,更好地帮助专项计划学生提升在校与毕业表现,最终促进高等教育的结果公平。

China’s Special Admission Policy for rural and poor areas has increased the ratio of disadvantaged students gaining access to high-quality higher education,but there is a gap of empirical research on whether the policy affects the education outcome of the disadvantaged groups.This study,based on the in-depth interviews with 14 graduates enrolled under preferential admission policies,explored graduation choice and its influencing factors of undergraduates admitted under the Special Admission Policy.The study found that there was a large gap between the graduation expectation and graduation destination of these students,and the failure of graduation expectation was closely related to the consciousness and behavior of career planning.The three factors that hinder career planning were parenting style allowing children to grow up naturally,fuzzy self-awareness and biased goal orientation.The study suggested that colleges should pay attention to career planning education of students recruited under the Special Admission Policy,in order to overcome developmental difficulties caused by their weak family capital and help them to gain better school and graduation performance,and ultimately promote fairness in higher education outcome.