论高校师德失范的“立法”协调与标准建构

On the“Legislative”Coordination and Standard Construction of the Anomie of Teachers’Ethics in Colleges and Universities

《教师法》修订草案新增师德失范条款,是落实立德树人根本任务的中国式教育制度创新。但师德失范如何融入《教师法》体系中尚不明确,高校作为最重要与特殊的适法主体,在适用师德失范条款及建立相应的标准上存在体系困境。需要从我国制度规范的纵向与横向体系入手,将高校师德失范“立法”置于国家法与社会法互动的第三种类型中,跳出传统公私法二元结构模式及相关理论的桎梏,将高校处分措施认定为“未类型化”的行政处理行为,具有可诉性。进而从以“同位保留”框定高校主体权限、以“裁量基准”提升高校处分行为正当性、以“综合性正义”形塑高校处分的程序正当、综合利用多元纠纷化解机制提升高校教师救济实效等层面来建构高校“立法”标准。

The revised draft of the Teachers’Law adds the anomie clause of teachers’ethics,which is a Chinese-style educational system innovation to implement the fundamental task of establishing morality and cultivating people.However,it is still unclear how to integrate the anomie of teachers’ethics into the institutional measures and responsibility system of the Teachers’Law.As the most important and special subject of legality,colleges and universities have a systematic dilemma in implementing the applicable anomie clauses of teachers’ethics and establishing corresponding treatment standards.We need to start with the vertical and horizontal systems of our system norms,place the“legislation”of the anomie of college teachers’ethics in the third type of interaction between national law and social law,jump out of the shackles of the traditional dual structure model of public and private law and related theories,and identify the disciplinary measures of colleges and universities as“untyped”administrative processing behavior,which is actionable.Then,the“legislation”standard of colleges and universities should be constructed from the following aspects:defining the subject authority of colleges and universities with“co-location reservation”,promoting the legitimacy of college disciplinary actions with“discretionary benchmark”,shaping the due process of college disciplinary actions with“comprehensive justice”,and comprehensively utilizing the multiple dispute resolution mechanism to improve the effectiveness of college teachers’relief.