模糊政策的试验评估模式——以国家生态文明试验区建设为例

Experimental Evaluation Model of Ambiguous Policy:Taking the Construction of National Pilot Zones for Ecological Civilization as an Example

政策试验既是高度不确定条件下推进政策创新的重要途径,也是检验政策有效性的一种评估机制。在文献回顾的基础上,提出模糊政策的试验评估分析框架,包括设置愿景目标、构建议题网络、生成试验方案、信息反馈与评估、政策变革与推广五个阶段。设置愿景目标阶段提供概念性知识,传递出新愿景、新理念,为模糊政策提供新价值、新导向。构建议题网络阶段形成对话场域,支持政策专家、地方官员与利益相关者参与,多方主体在试验中分享信息和交换意见,促进不同来源知识的交流。生成试验方案阶段将政策知识转化为具体内容,形成明确的试验路径。在信息反馈和评估阶段,决策系统持续收集试验的过程和结果信息,基于数据和证据,对政策试验作出评价。政策变革与推广阶段强调总结成功经验和优化政策措施。国家生态文明试验区建设的案例研究表明,试验评估构建四方参与的议题学习网络,持续完善试验议题,提高了决策理性与正当性水平。

Policy experiment is not only an important way to promote policy innovation under highly uncertain conditions,but also an evaluation mechanism to test the effectiveness of policies.On the basis of literature review,this paper puts forward the experimental evaluation and analysis framework of fuzzy policy,including five stages:setting vision goals,building issue networks,generating experimental plans,information feedback and evaluation,and policy reform and promotion.At the stage of setting vision and goal,it provides conceptual knowledge,transmits new vision and new idea,and provides new value and new guidance for fuzzy policy;At the stage of constructing an issue network,a dialogue field will be formed to support the participation of policy experts,local officials and stakeholders,and multiple subjects will share information and exchange views in the experiment to promote the exchange of knowledge from different sources;At the stage of generating the test plan,the policy knowledge will be translated into specific content to form a clear test path;In the stage of information feedback and evaluation,the decision-making system continuously collects information about the process and results of the experiment,and evaluates the policy experiment based on data and evidence;At the stage of policy reform and promotion,it is emphasized to summarize successful experience and optimize policy measures.The case study of the construction of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone shows that the experimental evaluation has built an issue learning network with the participation of four parties,continuously improved the experimental issues,and improved the level of decision-making rationality and legitimacy.