从增长到包容:城市权利视角下包容性城市的多维度内涵与评估

From Growth to Inclusion:Multidimensional Connotation and Evaluation of Inclusive City from the Perspective of Urban Rights

包容性城市指城市对不同群体、阶层的居民表现出开放、接纳、认同、尊重的态度,在最大程度上减少空间排斥与隔离,保障城市居民权利平等。本研究基于城市权利理论,提炼了包容性城市的核心内涵,构建了包含五大维度在内的包容性城市评估指标体系,分别为空间生产—财富均等、权利平等—资源共享、流动正义—人口融合、人文关怀—社会救济和环境正义—绿色发展,该体系涵盖17项二级指标与46项三级指标,然后选取长江经济带110个城市样本,用熵值法进行权重赋值,评估出样本城市包容性水平。研究发现:样本城市包容性水平总体情况良好,超大城市凭借先发优势吸引外来人口,以城市权利改进治理水准,对城市包容性产生正向作用,形成了强者愈强的“马太效应”,而中西部非省会城市的包容性程度相对较弱。中西部地区城市中,存在成都、武汉、长沙、贵阳这四个“噪点”,呈现出较高的城市包容性水平。

An inclusive city refers to a city that shows an inclusive attitude of openness,acceptance,recognition,and respect to residents of different groups and classes,reduces spatial exclusion and isolation to the greatest extent,and guarantees the equal rights of urban residents.It is a new direction and inevitable requirements for urban development.Based on the theory of urban rights,this paper extracts the core connotation of inclusive cities,and constructs an inclusive city measurement index system including five dimensions,namely,spatial production-equal wealth,equal rights-resource sharing,spatial justice-population integration,humanistic care-social relief and environmental justice-green development,each dimension of the system covers 17 second-level indicators and 46 third-level indicators,and then selects ll0 city samples in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,assigns weights with the entropy method,and measures the level of inclusiveness of the sample cities.The study finds that the inclusiveness of the sample cities is generally good.Megacities attract migrants by virtue of their first-mover advantages,and improve governance standards with urban rights,which have a positive effect on urban inclusiveness,forming a"Matthew effect"in which the strong get stronger,while the inclusiveness of non-provincial capital cities in the central and western regions is relatively weak.Among the cities in the central and western regions,Chengdu,Wuhan,Changsha and Guiyang are four"noise points",showing a relatively high level of urban inclusiveness and forming a distribution pattern of diffuse decline from the provincial capital city to the surrounding areas.