提升突发公共危机中公共传播体系的治理能力——以“共识”形成机制为视角

The Governance Mechanism of the Public Communication Systems in Sudden Public Crisis:From the Perspective of the Formation of Consensus

在突发公共危机预警、化解、修复的过程中贯穿着不同利益相关者之间的信息交换。在公共治理视域下,不同参与者之间信息整合带来的“共识”程度越高,就越有益于突发公共危机的应对。危机治理的不同主体倾向不同的传播媒体,构成“公共传播体系”,在运行中发挥着“知识”“观点”和“诉求”的治理功能,影响着治理“共识”的最终形成。从我国既往的应急管理实践来看,公共传播体系尚存在诸多矛盾冲突,在不同阶段和层次上影响到“共识”的形成,也影响到突发公共危机应对的全过程。因此,以治理逻辑和传播逻辑耦合为起点,构筑“互补和互动”的机制,优化“知识”“观点”和“诉求”信息系统之间的兼容功能,即优化“共识”的形成机制,是推动我国应急管理建设和国家治理能力与治理体系现代化的重要向度。

Communication of different principal participants is throughout the whole process of warning,resolving and repairing public crisis.In the perspective of public governance,the consensus of communication is very important in dealing with public crisis.Different principal participants use different mass media,forming the public communication system in public crisis.In operation,the public communication system shows governance function of knowledge,view and demand,and influences the final formation of consensus.However,in fact,there are many contradictions and conflicts in the public communication system leading to the dilemma of consensus in different stages and levels directly affect the emergency management running.Based on the theory of media governance,constructing complementary and interactive mechanism among systems of knowledge,view and demand to promoting the formation of consensus is necessary for emergency management and the modernization of China's system and capacity forgovernance.