慢性肾脏病相关性皮肤瘙痒的治疗现状及未来展望

Treatment of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus:status quo and future prospect

慢性肾脏病相关性皮肤瘙痒是血液透析的常见并发症,发病率高,严重影响患者的生活质量,患者可出现抑郁状态、睡眠质量下降、病死率升高等。该并发症的发病机制未明,目前尚无特效治疗方法,临床常用的缓解方法包括提高透析质量、全身药物治疗(包括钙通道调节剂、阿片类药物、硫代硫酸钠、抗组胺药、抗抑郁药治疗)、局部药物治疗、针灸或穴位按压、中医药治疗等。本文对该并发症的治疗现状与进展进行综述,以期为临床医师制订治疗方案提供参考依据。

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus is a common complication in hemodialysis patients,with a high incidence and serious impact on the quality of life of patients,and patients may have depressive states,decreased sleep quality,and increased mortality.Because the pathogenesis of this complication is unknown,there is no clear treatment.Current clinical and related studies can provide a variety of remission methods,including improving the quality of dialysis and systemic drug therapy(calcium channel modulators,opioids,sodium thiosulfate,antihistamines,antidepressants),topical drug therapy,acupuncture or acupressure,treatments of traditional Chinese medicine,etc.This article reviewed the treatment status and progress of this complication in order to provide reference for clinicians to make treatment plans.