生态产品价值实现地方经验上升为国家政策的机制分析——浙江丽水案例

Mechanism of transforming the local experience in ecological product value realization into national policies:The case of Lishui City,Zhejiang Province

【目的】地方经验上升为国家政策是中国公共政策研究的重要议题,现有研究主要关注经济政策与社会政策的上升与扩散,缺乏对多重属性政策创新扩散完整过程的考察。【方法】基于政策创新扩散视角,聚焦兼具经济社会双重政策属性的生态产品价值实现政策,尝试构建此类政策创新扩散的分析框架,深入考察中国首个生态产品价值实现机制试点城市浙江丽水地方经验创新扩散的完整过程,以厘清生态产品价值实现地方经验上升为国家政策的动态机制。【结果】研究发现:(1)经济社会双重属性的存在为生态产品价值实现政策的创新扩散营造合规空间,从而在中央与地方的双向推动下呈现特殊创新扩散机理。(2)生态产品价值实现地方创新受经济社会发展需求、政策企业家、自然资源禀赋的内部推动及政策网络中纵向环境与横向经验的外部形塑。(3)生态产品价值实现地方经验的上升表现为螺旋上升机制,正式科层制度与半结构化制度捷径是内嵌于这一机制的两大核心架构。【结论】基于此,在未来生态产品价值实现地方经验的创新扩散中应充分发挥政策企业家作用,因地制宜把握并创造政策网络中横向、纵向交流机会,并争取正式科层制的支撑,从而实现降低改革成本,推动生态文明建设的目标。

[Objective]The transformation of local experiences into national policies is an important topic in China’s public policy research.The existing research mainly focuses on the transformation and diffusion of economic and social policies,and lacks the investigation of the whole process of multi-attribute policy innovation and diffusion.[Methods]From the perspective of policy innovation and diffusion,this study focused on the ecological product value realization policy with dual economic and social policy attributes,built an analytical framework for such policy innovation and diffusion,and conducted an in-depth investigation on the complete process of policy innovation and diffusion of ecological product value realization in Lishui City of Zhejiang Province,as China’s first pilot city of ecological product value realization.[Results]The results show that:(1)The existence of dual economic and social attributes created a compliance space for the innovation and diffusion of policies of ecological product value realization,thus presenting a special innovation and diffusion mechanism under the two-way promotion of the central and local governments.(2)The local innovation of ecological product value realization was shaped by the internal driving factors of the needs for economic and social development,policy entrepreneurs,as well as natural resources endowment,and the external influence of vertical environment and horizontal experience in the policy network.(3)The transformation of ecological product value realization policy showed a spiral rising mechanism.The formal bureaucratic system and the semi-structured system shortcut were the two core structures embedded in this mechanism.[Conclusion]Based on this,the role of policy entrepreneurs in the innovation and diffusion of local experience in realizing the value of ecological products in the future must be valued.Local governments should seize and create opportunities for communication horizontally and vertically in the policy network according to local conditions,and strive for seeking the support of formal bureaucracy,in order to achieve the goal of reducing reform costs and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.