血液病患者输血前焦虑的状况及其影响因素

Status of anxiety before blood transfusion in patients with blood diseases and its influencing factors

目的探讨血液病患者输血前焦虑状况及影响因素。方法选择2019年4月~2021年4月150例血液病患者为研究对象,输血前采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估患者的焦虑情绪。分析不同年龄、性别、家庭月收入患者的HAMA评分差异,并采用多元线性回归分析调查影响焦虑情绪的因素。结果150例患者HAMA评分平均(16.98±3.92)分,检出焦虑92例,检出率61.33%;不同年龄、家庭月收入、心理弹性水平、疾病良恶性以及是否初次输血、有无输血不良反应史的患者HAMA评分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、居住地、文化水平HAMA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,家庭月收入、心理弹性水平、疾病良恶性、是否初次输血、有无输血不良反应史是血液病患者输血前焦虑的影响因素。结论血液病患者输血前焦虑情绪较为普遍,受到经济水平、心理弹性等的影响,应开展针对性心理干预以降低输血前焦虑情绪。

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of anxiety before blood transfusion in patients with blood diseases.Methods A total of 150 patients with hematological diseases from April 2019 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects.Anxiety was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)before blood transfusion.The differences in HAMA scores between patients with different ages,genders and family monthly income were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of anxiety.Results The average HAMA score of 150 patients was(16.98±3.92)points,92 cases of anxiety were detected,and the detection rate was 61.33%.There were significant differences in HAMA score between patients with different age,monthly family income,level of psychological resilience,benign and malignant disease,whether or not the first blood transfusion,and whether there was a history of adverse blood transfusion reactions(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in HAMA scores between different genders,places of residence,and educational levels(P>0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that monthly family income,psychological resilience level,benign and malignant disease,first blood transfusion,and history of adverse blood transfusion were the influencing factors of pre-transfusion anxiety in patients with blood diseases.Conclusion Anxiety before blood transfusion is common in patients with blood diseases,which is affected by economic level and psychological flexibility.Targeted psychological intervention should be carried out to reduce anxiety before blood transfusion.