从“融入西方”到“追求主导”——俄罗斯参与全球卫生治理的演变

From“Integration into the West”to“Pursuit of Dominance”:the Evolution of Russia’s Participation in Global Health Governance

与美国、中国等国家相比,俄罗斯在资金、技术等方面并非全球卫生治理的首要贡献者,却是不容忽视的重要角色。回顾俄罗斯参与全球卫生治理的过程,可以发现,自2011年以来,俄罗斯从融入以西方国家为主导的、以防治艾滋病为核心的全球卫生治理,逐步转变为追求全球卫生治理中的独立主导地位。俄罗斯围绕世卫组织等联合国机构,以金砖国家、上合组织等多边机制为抓手,以重大峰会为契机,优先推动非传染性疾病的治理,建立并维护独立于西方的、以俄罗斯周边地区为核心的卫生安全体系。维护日益演变的卫生安全利益、扩大基于保守主义价值观的全球影响力、应对西方国家对俄卫生利益的挑战,是俄罗斯参与全球卫生治理的主要动因。当前,受到俄乌冲突的影响,俄罗斯与一些西方国家的合作空间承受着更大的压力,这也为未来中俄全球卫生合作带来了机遇与挑战。

Although Russia can not be reckoned as a primary contributor to global health governance in terms of capital and technology as compared with countries such as the U.S.and China,it is still an important player in the international and regional arenas.Looking back into the process of Russia’s participation in global health governance,since 2011,Russia has gradually shifted from integrating into the West-dominated global health governance centered on HIV/AIDS to pursuing an independent and dominant position.Based on such United Nations agencies as the WHO,multilateral mechanisms such as the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,and taking major summits as opportunities to give priority to promoting the governance of non-communicable diseases,Russia has built and maintained a health security mechanism independent of the West and centered on Russia’s neighboring areas.The main logic for Russia’s participation in global health governance includes maintaining evolving health security interests,expanding its global influences based on conservative values,and responding to Western countries’challenges against Russia’s health interests.Currently,affected by Russia-Ukraine conflict,the cooperation between Russia and the West is increasingly constrained,which bring both opportunities and challenges for Sino-Russia cooperation on global health issues.