细胞外囊泡活体成像技术的研究进展

Advances in in vivo Imaging Technology of Extracellular Vesicles

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是一种由细胞自然分泌的囊泡,包括人体肿瘤细胞在内的几乎所有类型的细胞在生理和病理条件下均可分泌。近年来,EVs因其固有的生物相容性、高稳定性、低免疫原性以及在病理过程中的细胞间通信中发挥的重要作用而引起了广泛关注,被认为是有潜力的药物递送载体,还可能具有治疗恶性肿瘤和其他疾病的潜在价值。实现对体内EVs的准确检测是开发EVs疗法的首要关键步骤,目前已开发出不同的标记、成像方法,如光学成像及放射性同位素成像等,使无创体内示踪成为可能,可直接原位研究其生物分布、迁移和靶向特性。该综述简单介绍了EVs的生物学功能,主要论述了可用于EVs体内示踪的不同成像技术,以期促进EVs的体内生物学过程研究,推进基于EVs的纳米医学应用。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are naturally secreted by almost all types of cells,including human cancer cells,under physiological and pathological conditions.In recent years,due to their inherent biocompatibility,high stability,low immunogenicity,and essential role in intercellular communication in the pathological process,they have attracted wide attention and are considered as promising drug delivery vectors.In addition,they could have potential of treating cancer and other diseases.Accurate detection of EVs in vivo is the first critical step in developing EVs therapy.Different markers and imaging methods have been developed to enable non-invasive tracers in vivo,such as optical imaging and radioisotope imaging,which can be used to investigate the biological distribution,migration,and targeting characteristics in vivo of EVs.In this paper,the biological functions of EVs are briefly introduced,and the different imaging techniques available for in vivo tracers are discussed to promote the study of the biological process of EVs in vivo and the application of EVs-based nanomedicines.