双峰话的“冇Φ得”虚拟句

The subjunctive structure mau^(11)(冇) Φ ti^(21)(得) in Shuangfeng dialect

双峰话的“冇Φ得”句不同于一般的命题否定句。“冇Φ得”句产生于认识主体对过去现实的反省与认知:Φ是说话人虚拟的与过去事实相反的主观愿望;“冇Φ得”表示说话人认识到过去现实中Φ未能发生;语气词“得”同时负载了该结构所带来的后悔、遗憾或惋惜等语气。整个句式表达后悔过去没能做或不做某事,“冇”是对知域的否定。该句式时体表达手段与印欧语有相通之处。从反映的思维来看,使用了汉语综合性虚拟表达常用的上行反事实思维。相较其他汉语虚拟句,该句式的虚拟事件Φ是内包的,通过“冇”的否定,整个句式却是表现实的。其形式比较独特,有特殊的类型意义。且该句式采用特殊的“原因-结果”模式,同时体现了汉语虚拟认知模型的丰富性。

Different from ordinary negative sentences which negate a proposition,the subjunctive structure mau^(11)(冇) Φti^(21)(得) in Shuangfeng dialect also indicates the agent's introspection and cognition of the past.The symbol Φ refers to a hypothetical situation which is desired by the speaker but did not occur in the past.The particle ti^(21) conveys the regret of the speaker that Φ should have been done but it did not happen,and mau^(11) indicates a negation in the epistemic domain.Such a structure presents the upward counterfactual thinking pattern commonly employed in Chinese synthetic subjunctive expressions.The peculiar cause-effect structure with typological significance also reflects the diversity of Chinese subjunctive structures on cognitive level.