16世纪法国天主教与新教的神圣空间建构及其影响

The Construction and Impact of Sacred Space within the Communities of Catholics and Protestants in 16^(th)-Century France

自宗教改革以来,新教徒数量的增加改变了法国的群体结构,引发了神圣空间内的频繁冲突。这种冲突不仅表现在教堂这一至关重要的神圣空间当中,还延伸到了城市的世俗空间之内。近代早期神圣空间的建构经历了从观念边界的形成到仪式与象征物赋予特定空间神圣性意涵和秩序结构的过程。在城市共同体内遭到压迫或侵害的少数派群体借此建构起了“想象的”神圣空间,成为其延续自身群体身份认同的重要场所;而占据主导地位的群体亦依托“想象的”神圣空间,进一步压制和侵占其他群体的生存空间,最终达到完全独占城市世俗空间的目的。在16世纪法国宗教冲突的背景下,神圣空间发挥了强化空间隔离,塑造群体边界的作用,成为教派矛盾的重要体现;而神圣空间的边界也成为信仰共同体边界的一类重要表征,推动了相互对立的教派身份认同边界的成型。最终,不同教派建构神圣空间导致神圣空间与世俗空间的边界被模糊和混淆,这一结果体现了16世纪法国社会的世俗化转向趋势。

The increase of Protestants has changed the structure of the community in France since the Reformation,giving rise to frequent conflicts within the sacred space.This kind of conflicts not only manifested itself in the vital sacred space of churches,but also extended into the secular space of cities.The construction of sacred space in early modern times underwent a process moving from the establishment of conceptual boundaries to rituals and symbols which imbued specific spaces with sacredness and a structure of order whereby minority groups,who were oppressed or violated within the urban communities,constructed the'imagined'sacred spaces as the key sites for the survival of their own identities,while the dominant groups also relied on the imagined'sacred space to suppress and encroach on the space of other groups further,ultimately achieving complete monopoly over the secular space of cities.In the context of religious conflicts in 16^(th)-century France,sacred space which served to reinforce spatial segregation and shape group boundaries became a significant symbol for the boundaries of religious communities,contributing to the establishment of boundaries between mutually opposing sects.In the end,the construction of sacred space by different sects led to the blurring and confusion of boundaries between sacred and secular space.This result reflects the trend of secularisation in 16^(th)-century France.