中日邦交正常化与日本对东南亚国家的外交政策

Normalisation of the Sino-Japanese Relations and Japan's Diplomacy towards Southeast Asia

从岸信介内阁到佐藤荣作内阁时期,日本的东南亚政策出发点带有明显的遏制中国的意图。1972年,中国和日本赶超中美关系缓和的步伐,实现了邦交正常化。东南亚国家对此事高度关注,在欢迎中日恢复邦交的同时,担心两国结成同盟及日本的经济援助流向中国。针对此种情况,日本适时给予安抚,指出中日邦交正常化不针对第三国,并表明没有更改对东南亚的友好政策,将继续扩大对它们的经济援助。日本的安抚、日本与东南亚的紧密经济关系、中日邦交正常化与美日安保关系共存的实现、东西方关系缓和的大趋势,共同削弱了中日邦交正常化对日本与东南亚关系的冲击。但这并不意味着此事对日本的东南亚政策毫无影响。中日邦交正常化改变了日本对东南亚政策的出发点,令日本的政策不再明显带有遏制中国的意图,还在政治、经济领域重塑了日本外交的外部环境与内部动力,对日本的东南亚政策产生了深远影响。

From the Nobusuke Kishi Administration to the Sato Eisaku Administration,the intention of Japan's Southeast Asia policy was clearly to contain China.In 1972,China and Japan normalised diplomatic relations,which went one step further than the Sino-U.S.rapprochement.This attracted the attention of Southeast Asian countries to the development of the Sino-Japanese relations.While welcoming the restoration of the Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations,they were afraid that these two countries might form an alliance and the Japanese aid would flow to China.In view of this condition,Japan duly offered reassurance to those countries,pointing out that the normalisation of relations between China and Japan did not direct against any third country.Moreover,Japan would not change its friendly policy towards Southeast Asia and continue to expand its economic assistance to them.The combination of factors,including Japan's reassurance,the close economic relations between Japan and Southeast Asia,the realisation of the coexistence of the Sino-Japanese relations and the U.S.-Japanese security alliance,and the general trend of East-West détente,weakened the impact of the normalisation of the Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations on the relations between Japan and Southeast Asia.However,this does not mean that it had no influence on Japan's Southeast Asia policy.The normalisation of the Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations not only changed one of the motivations of Japan's Southeast Asia policy,making Japan's policy no longer obviously aim at containing China,but also reshaped the external environment and internal dynamics of Japan's diplomacy in the political and economic fields,leaving a profound effect on Japan's Southeast Asia policy.