轧制和3D打印316L不锈钢与黄豆对磨的干摩擦磨损性能

Dry friction and wear properties of soya beans countered with rolled and 3D-printed 316L stainless steels

3D打印不锈钢部件逐渐在食品机械领域得到应用,其与食品对磨的摩擦学性能需要加以关注。在干摩擦条件下,利用滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究了黄豆试样分别与轧制和3D打印316L不锈钢配副的干摩擦磨损性能。利用光学相机、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和质构仪,对不锈钢试样表面形貌、不锈钢硬度、黄豆硬度和磨损表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明:3D打印316L不锈钢与黄豆对磨时,摩擦因数的变化趋势较为平缓,第1 h和第6 h的平均摩擦因数分别为1.04和0.68;而对于轧制316L不锈钢,其磨合阶段更加剧烈,第1 h和第6 h的平均摩擦因数分别为1.70和0.46;与轧制工艺相比,3D打印316L不锈钢的耐磨性能更好,其在第1 h的磨痕宽度降低幅度达40%左右;黄豆试样的磨斑边缘和不锈钢磨痕表面均有黑色氧化物粉末出现,3D打印不锈钢磨损表面的黏着形貌和犁沟数量均显著减少;干摩擦条件下轧制316L不锈钢和黄豆配副的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而3D打印316L不锈钢和黄豆配副时,其磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,这与其表面硬度更高有关。

3D-printed stainless steel parts are gradually applied in the field of food machinery,and their friction properties against food call for attention.The dry friction and wear properties of the soya bean samples matched with rolled and 3D-printed 316L stainless steels are explored on sliding friction and wear tester in the context of dry friction.The stainless steel’s surface morphology,hardness,soya bean’s hardness and worn surface morphology are analyzed by means of the optical camera,the scanning electron microscope,the micro-hardness tester and the texture analyzer.The results show that for the 3D-printed 316L stainless steel against the soya beans,the friction coefficient varies gently,with the average friction coefficient at the first hour and the sixth hour of 1.04 and 0.68 respectively.For the rolled 316L stainless steel against the soya beans,the running-in stage is much more intense,with the average friction coefficient at the first hour and the sixth hour of 1.70 and 0.46 respectively.Compared with the rolled stainless steel,the 3D-printed 316L stainless steel enjoys better wear resistance,and the wear scar width decreases by about 40%in the first hour.Black oxide powder appears on the wear scar edge of the soya bean samples and the worn surface of stainless steels.For the worn surface of the 3D-printed stainless steel,both the adhesion morphology and the number of furrows significantly reduce.In the context of dry friction,the wear mechanism is abrasive wear and adhesive wear for frictionpair of the rolled 316L stainless steel and the soya beans.However,for frictionpair of 3D-printed 316L stainless steel and the soya beans,due to its higher surface hardness,the wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear.