社会治理的实践模式、根本属性与操作性定义

The Practical Pattern,Fundamental Attribute and Operational Definition of“Social Governance”

中国式现代化离不开社会治理现代化,但现实中人们对“社会治理是什么”缺乏共识且专门研究较少。本文对社会治理的历史实践、根本属性和操作性定义进行理论研究,发现社会治理的历史实践形态可概括为“对社会的治理”“通过社会的治理”和“为了社会的治理”三种主要模式;社会治理之社会兼具目的性社会、手段性社会和对象性社会之特征;“社会性”是社会治理的根本属性,规定了社会治理的逻辑边界,并将社会治理与其他管理活动区分开来。本文认为,社会治理是指为了社会,发展和发动社会力量服务、监管、建设社会的活动过程,包括目标制定、能力建设与计划实施三大治理环节。社会治理研究必须通过阐明三大治理环节中的治理主体、治理职能、治理对象的特征及其内在逻辑关系,揭示社会治理活动的客观规律。

The modernization of social governance is an important part of the Chinese path to modernization.However,the issue of"what is social governance"lacks consensus,and specialized research is rare.This paper makes a theoretical study of the historical practice,fundamental attribute and operational definition of social governance.The research finds that the historical practice of social governance can be summarized as three main modes:"governance to society","governance by sociecty",and"governance for society"."Society"in social governance activities has the characteristics of a purposive,instrumental,and targeted society."Sociality"is the fundamental attribute of social governance,drawing the logical boundaries between social governance and other governance practices.Social governance refers to the activity process of developing and mobilizing social forces,serving,supervising,building society,and finally building an ideal society through"society".Social governance includes three parts:target setting,capacity building and plan implementation.In such three parts,we can examine the characteristics and their internal logic links of the governance subject,governance function,and governance object to explain the objectivity of social governance activities.