“昌公道”与“励自强”:潘光旦论妇女运动及其启示

Fairness Advocacy and Self-Improvement Encouragement:Pan Guangdan's Remarks on Feminist Movement and the Inspiration

妇女运动应如何处理个体与社会之间的张力?潘光旦从“两纲六目”思想体系出发,一方面同情女性,认为社会消弭了女性作为人的通性与个性,又不认可女性的性别角色贡献,这是妇女运动产生的合理部分;另一方面,他认为当时将绝对平等作为妇女运动目标、以不婚不育作为运动方式的一派女权主义,忽视了女性人格中性别一端,对女性自身、社会生活和民族健康皆无好处。他建议将昌公道和励自强作为妇女运动的方向:前者要求社会的恕,主张女性作为人的公道和性的公道;后者要求妇女与妇女运动的明,主张女性发挥主观能动性,妇女运动应在反思的基础上,鼓励女性提高其对人格中性别的认识并承担起相应的社会责任。他的观点对于我们理解个体与社会之间的关系,并在此基础上反思和调整妇女运动的理念与目标深具启发。

Based on his"Two Principles and Six Items"system,Pan Guangdan showed his sympathy to women who were eliminated their universality and individuality as human beings by society,who were undervalued for their significant roles in human reproduction,and believed that the emergence of the women's movement was reasonable.However,he also thought that the radical feminism of the time ignored the gender end of the female personality and was actually not beneficial to women themselves,to society life and to the health of the nation.He thus suggested that the women's movement should focus on fairness advocacy and self-improvement encouragement:fairness advocacy was about pushing society to respect women as human beings and their roles and contributions in human reproduction;self-improvement encouragement was about helping women to take the task of human reproduction.Pan Guangdan's view would help feminists to reflect on and adjust the philosophy and goals of the women's movement.