钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒的研究进展

Research progress on direct extraction of vanadium from vanadium titanium magnetite

钒和钒合金材料广泛应用于各种领域,而钒资源大多存在于钒钛磁铁矿中。对钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒工艺发展历程及现阶段研究情况进行总结。目前直接提钒的工艺流程主要有钠化焙烧-水浸提钒和钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒两大类,综合现有的研究成果可知,钠化焙烧-水浸提钒工艺的优点是提钒效率相对较高,是中国从钒钛磁铁矿中直接提钒的主要方法;钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒工艺的优点是添加剂易获得,钙化焙烧过程中不产生废气污染,提钒废水中由于不含钠盐而能够循环使用,减少了废水污染,提钒尾矿中无钠盐可直接使用于高炉炼铁。总体而言,钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒的工艺技术适用于高钒钛、低铁型的钒钛磁铁精矿。中国直接提钒工艺目前面临的问题主要有,中国大多数的钒钛磁铁矿的钒品位较低,当直接提钒工艺用于钒品位低(w(V2O5)≤1%)的矿物时,物料处理量大;焙烧-浸出过程中造成不同程度的废水废气污染,需要进行相应的处理,导致提钒成本较高、产品市场竞争力弱;提钒尾矿难以满足高炉冶炼的生产要求,提钒后的铁、钛分离技术难度较大,难以实施大规模的工业化应用等。这些问题是直接提钒工艺面临的主要困难,也是广大冶金工作者需要重点解决的科学问题和技术难点。未来的钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒工艺必须坚持绿色高效与综合利用两大原则。研究旨在为具有钒资源的生产企业选择合理的提钒工艺、积极探索新的提钒工艺提供参考。

Vanadium and vanadium alloys are widely used in various fields, and most of the vanadium resources exist in vanadium titanium magnetite. The development process and current research situation of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite are introduced. At present, the direct vanadium extraction process mainly includes "extraction of vanadium by sodium salt roasting followed by water leaching" and "extraction of vanadium by calcium salt roasting followed by acid leaching". According to the current research results, extraction of vanadium by sodium salt roasting followed by water leaching process has higher vanadium extraction efficiency, which is the main direct vanadium extraction method from vanadium titanium magnetite in China. The advantages for extraction of vanadium by calcium salt roasting followed by acid leaching process are that additives are easy to obtain, no waste gas pollution is produced in the process of calcium salt roasting, the waste water of vanadium extraction can be recycled because it does not contain sodium salt, and the waste water pollution is reduced, no sodium salt in vanadium extraction tailings and the process can be directly used in blast furnace ironmaking. In general, the technology of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite is suitable for vanadium titanium magnetite concentrate of high vanadium titanium and low iron type. The main problems of direct vanadium extraction process at present in China are as follows. Most of vanadium titanium magnetite has low vanadium grade, the material processing capacity is large while the direct vanadium extraction process is faced with minerals with low vanadium grade(w(V2O5)≤1%). The roasting-leaching process causes different degrees of water waste and exhaust gas pollution, which needs to be treated accordingly, resulting in high cost of vanadium extraction and weak market competitiveness. Vanadium extraction tailings cannot meet the production requirements of blast furnace, the separation technology of iron and titanium after vanadium extraction is difficult to implement large-scale industrial application. These problems are the main difficulties faced by the direct vanadium extraction process, and also the scientific and technical difficulties to be solved in the general metallurgical work. In the future, the process of direct vanadium extraction from vanadium titanium magnetite must adhere to the two principles of green efficiency and comprehensive utilization. The purpose of research is to provide reference for enterprises with vanadium resources to choose reasonable vanadium extraction process and explore new vanadium extraction process actively.