生物多样性关键区域的理论框架、指标体系与应用实践

Theoretical framework,indicator system and practical application of key biodiversity areas

全球物种多样性的不断下降使得生物多样性保护愈发受到当今国际社会的广泛关注和重视。为了减缓生物多样性持续下降这一趋势,确定对生物多样性保护具有重要意义的区域就显得格外重要。然而,目前现有的识别重要区域的研究方法多具有不同的评估标准,而且多集中于不同的生物组合(物种或群落)和生态系统类型。生物多样性关键区域(KBAs)是指对全球生物多样性可持续性做出重大贡献的区域,与传统的研究识别方法不同,KBAs识别是以全球统一的标准,识别对陆地、淡水和海洋生态系统中的濒危动植物至关重要的栖息地。本文在阐述KBAs理论框架与技术架构的基础之上,总结了生物多样性关键区域的识别标准与评估参数体系,包括5项一级标准、11项二级标准以及11项评估参数。其中,涉及到生态系统层面的评估参数1项、物种层面的评估参数8项、基因层面的评估参数1项、综合评估参数1项。还结合国内外的相关研究案例分析了KBAs识别在生物多样性研究与保护中的应用,探讨了该方法在我国的发展方向和应用前景,以期为我国今后生态保护政策的制定和自然保护地的规划提供一个新视角。

With the continuous decline of global biodiversity,biodiversity conservation has attracted more and more attention from the international society.In order to slow down the trend of biodiversity decline,it is particularly important to identify key areas for biodiversity conservation.However,most of current methods for identifying important areas have different assessment criteria and focus on different biological assemblages(species or communities)and ecosystem types.Key biodiversity areas(KBAs)are sites that contribute significantly to global biodiversity persistence.Unlike traditional research and identification methods,KBAs identification is based on a unified global standard to explore habitats that are critical to endangered plants and animals in terrestrial,freshwater,and marine ecosystems.Based on the theoretical and technical framework of KBAs,we summarized the system of identification criteria and assessment parameters for KBAs.The five high-level criteria are separated into eleven sub-level criteria.Among the eleven evaluation parameters,there is one evaluation parameter for the ecosystem level,eight evaluation parameters for the species level,one evaluation parameter for the gene level,and one comprehensive evaluation parameter.In addition,we analyzed the application of KBAs identification in biodiversity research and conservation combined with relevant domestic and foreign research cases.Furthermore,we discussed the future development direction and application prospect of KBAs identification method in China.This method could provide a new perspective for the formulation of ecological protection policies and the planning of naturally protected areas in China.