“携老型”家庭旅游中子代自我概念清晰性对其幸福感影响

A Study of the Effect of Adult Children’s Self-concept Clarity on Their Well-being in Progeny-Parent Family Tourism

家庭旅游消费过程中,老年亲代作为受益主体,其幸福感获得已有定论,但成年子代作为家庭旅游活动的发起者和主要责任承担者,其幸福感的具体构成、强弱差异和影响机制尚未明确。该研究基于自我理论和幸福感理论,以“自我-决策意愿-幸福感产出”为研究逻辑线索,构建了“携老型”家庭旅游中子代自我概念清晰性和幸福感关联检验模型,开展了两次问卷调查研究(N1=134,N2=303),运用结构方程模型检验发现:成年子代的自我概念清晰性与旅游者享乐主义幸福感和实现主义幸福感均正相关;其自我概念清晰性可以通过影响平衡型决策意愿,促进或抑制旅游者享乐主义幸福感和实现主义幸福感。研究结论证明了成年子代在家庭旅游中的双重幸福感获取特征,明确了自我概念清晰性与幸福感关系在集体文化情境下的适用性,为理解子代家庭旅游幸福感的内生来源提供了理论参照。

Progeny-parent family tourism refers to the tourism in which adult children take their parents(or parents-in-law) on a trip, and it is one of the most common forms of tourism in Chinese society in recent years.In the process of family tourism consumption, the well-being of elderly parents has already been explained in previous studies from the perspective of filial piety. However, the specific composition and differences in strength, influence mechanism of well-being of adult children, who work as the initiators of family tourism and undertakers of responsibility, are still unclarified.Taking self-concept theory and well-being theory as guidance, adult children who have travelled with their parents in the past three years as research objects, two questionnaire studies are carried out and the structural equation model is used in this study. The results are showed as follows. Firstly, selfconcept clarity is positively correlated with both tourists’ hedonic well-being and tourists’ eudaimonic well-being. Secondly, self-concept clarity can promote or inhibit tourists’ hedonic well-being and tourists’ eudaimonic well-being by influencing the balance of willingness in family decision-making.This study addresses three core issues: Firstly, the specific components of adult children’s wellbeing are tourists’ hedonic well-being and tourists’ eudaimonic well-being;Secondly, differences in the strength of well-being perception are positively correlated with individuals’ clarity of self-concept;Thirdly, the willingness to make balanced family tourism decision is an important variable, explaining the interaction between self-concept clarity and tourists’ well-being. Specifically, tourists with a high level of self-concept clarity are better able to balance their own needs with those of their parents in family decision-making. In addition, they may feel a higher level of both tourists’ hedonic well-being and tourists’ eudaimonic well-being. From the perspective of parent-child relationship, this study broadens the research of self-concept clarity from the individualistic background to the collective cultural context, and provides a reference for further application of well-being theory in the study of progeny-parent family tourism in the future.This study may shed light on the management practices of tourism enterprises and tourist destinations. For tourism enterprises, when designing intergenerational tourism products, they should take different generations’ diverse needs into consideration, to avoid the situation of sacrificing adult children’s tourism needs to fulfill parents’ tourism needs. When carrying out targeted marketing, it is important to be fully aware of the differences in individual psychological characteristics of adult children, such as self-concept clarity. For tourism destination managers, they could provide more delighted and meaningful tourism experience for tourists from the perspectives of tourists’ hedonic well-being and tourists’ eudaimonic well-being.