园艺植物细胞内钙稳态调控机制研究进展

Research progress on the regulation mechanism of intracellular calcium homeostasis in horticultural plants

钙是园艺植物必需的营养元素之一,在植物生长发育、形态建成、逆境调控和信号转导等方面具有不可或缺的作用。园艺植物主要通过根系维管束依靠共质体和质外体途径吸收钙离子(Ca^(2+)),而植物地上部可以通过非维管束途径进行Ca^(2+)的吸收。保持细胞内钙稳态对于植物正常生长发育和应对逆境胁迫具有极为重要的作用。园艺植物细胞质内钙稳态涉及多种钙转运蛋白和细胞器,形成复杂的调控网络。当细胞质游离Ca^(2+)浓度高时,植物通过Ca^(2+)-ATPase和Ca^(2+)/H+反向转运蛋白促进细胞Ca^(2+)外流保持胞质内低Ca^(2+)浓度;Ca^(2+)浓度低时, Ca^(2+)由质膜、内质网和液泡膜上的钙离子通道进入胞质,增加胞质Ca^(2+)浓度。本文综述了园艺植物钙吸收、转运和细胞质内钙稳态的平衡机制等方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究动态进行了展望。

Calcium is one of the essential nutrient elements for horticultural plants and plays an indispensable role in plant growth, morphogenesis, stress regulation and signal transduction. Horticultural plants mainly absorb calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) through the apoplastic and symplastic pathways in the root vascular bundles, and the above ground parts of plants can absorb Ca^(2+)through non-vascular bundles. Keeping intracellular calcium homeostasis plays an important role in plant growth and development and response to stress. Calcium homeostasis in the cytoplasm of horticultural plants involves a variety of calcium transporters and organelles which forms a complex regulatory network. When the concentration of free Ca^(2+)in cytoplasm is high, plants can promote Ca^(2+)efflux through Ca^(2+)-ATPase and Ca^(2+)/H+ anti-transporter protein. While the concentration of Ca^(2+)in cytoplasm is low, Ca^(2+)enters the cytoplasm by the calcium ion channels on the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole membrane to increase the concentration of Ca^(2+)in the cytoplasm. In this paper, the absorption and transport of calcium in horticultural plants and the mechanism of calcium homeostasis in cytoplasm were reviewed, and the related research in the future was prospected.