连云港市徐圩新区张圩湖和云湖浮游动物和浮游植物群落组成研究

Composition of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Zhangwei Lake and Yun Lake,Xuwei New Zone,Lianyungang City

于2021年9月,在连云港徐圩新区的张圩湖和云湖,采集表层水体样品,鉴定浮游动物和浮游植物物种,分析浮游动物群落和浮游植物群落的物种组成和多样性,测定水样的理化指标,探讨浮游动物群落和浮游植物群落组成与环境因素的关系。研究结果表明,在张圩湖和云湖表层水体中,共鉴定出浮游植物6门64种,云湖中的浮游植物物种数量较多,两座湖泊的相同优势物种为极小集胞藻(Synechocystis minuscula);鉴定出浮游动物3门20种,云湖中的浮游动物物种数量较多,两座湖泊的相同优势物种为无节幼体(nauplius)和桡足幼体(copepodid);张圩湖表层水体中浮游动物群落和浮游植物群落的物种多样性水平为贫乏—一般,水体污染程度为中重度,云湖表层水体中浮游动物群落和浮游植物群落的物种多样性水平为一般—较丰富,水体污染程度为轻中度,与张圩湖相比,实施生态工程10 a的云湖中的浮游动植物物种数量、生物多样性水平都显著提升;影响两座湖泊浮游动物群落和浮游植物群落多样性的主要环境因素为水体的化学需氧量和氨氮含量(两座湖泊)、总氮和硝氮含量(云湖)以及水体盐度、电导率和水深(张圩湖)。

Surface water samples were collected in Yun Lake and Zhangwei Lake,Xuwei New Zone,Lianyungang city,Jiangsu province in September 2021.Community composition of zooplankton and phytoplankton was identified,and the species diversity was analyzed.The physical and chemical indexes of water samples were measured,and the relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton community composition and environmental factors was analyzed.The results showed that a total of 64 species were identified,belonging to 6 phyla of phytoplankton,respectively.Species number of phytoplankton was more in Yun Lake and the dominant specie was Synechocystis minuscula in both two lakes.A total of 20 species were identified,belonging to 3 phyla of zooplankton.Species number of zooplankton was more in Yun Lake and the dominant specie were nauplius and copepodid.The species diversity level of zooplankton and phytoplankton in surface water of Zhangwei Lake was poor-mediocre,and the degree of water pollution was moderate to severe.While the species diversity level of zooplankton and phytoplankton in Yun Lake was mediocre-rich,and the degree of water pollution was light to moderate pollution.Compared with the non-remediated Zhangwei Lake,the species and diversity were obviously better in Yun Lake where some restoration measures were implemented in 2011.Correlation and redundancy analysis showed that chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen contents were the main environmental indexes affecting community structure and the diversity of zooplankton and phytoplankton.The total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents also affected Yun Lake,whereas salinity,conductivity,and water depth affected Zhangwei Lake,respectively.