大查房、生命回顾仪式——安宁疗护新语类探索

Grand Ward⁃Round and Life⁃Review Ceremony:Exploration of New Genres in Palliative and Hospice Care

从社会建构主义视角,被人们内化的“语类”及其构成的“语类场”可视为P.Bourdieu所说的“惯习”,即人们通过内化外在社会条件形成的性情倾向;惯习是稳定的,但可以改变。在我国,安宁疗护这一新兴场域/语类场正在持续形塑一系列新语类,并被其建构。本文简介安宁疗护语类场中两个多模态互动语类:大查房、生命回顾仪式。研究给出实例,概括每个新语类的结构和功能、模态结构配置,并指出,新语类实践当中不同观念的博弈,也是文化惯习的重构过程。

From a social constructivist perspective, internalized“genres”can be seen as“habitus”proposed by Bourdieu, i.e., people’s stable dispositions formed through internalizing social conditions. Though stable, habitus is not eternal. Palliative and hospice care in China is a new(genre) field which shapes a series of new genres. This study introduces two such new genres: grand ward-round and life-review ceremony. Structures, functions and modal configurations of each are analyzed. It is pointed out that the conflicts and negotiations between different orientations towards death constitute the process of cultural habitus reconstruction.