日本民俗学传说研究的范式流变

Paradigm Shift in Legend Studies of Japanese Folklore

日本民俗学的传说研究可以追溯至高木敏雄的《日本传说集》。在其基础上,日本民俗学之父柳田国男对传说的定义和分类进行了界定,他将传说与特定事物相关联,与昔话(民间故事)区分开来,并积极推动民俗学式的传说研究。后由于建构主义、记忆论等学术潮流的影响,以及民俗主义、公共民俗学等日本民俗学方法论革新的需求,日本传说研究出现了范式转换,开始重点关注传说与历史、传说与记忆、传说的资源化等问题,并尝试拓展传说研究的范围,为我们全面深入地理解日本民俗学学术史和方法论转型提供了有效的路径。

The study of legends in Japanese folklore can be traced back to Toshio Takagi's collection of Japanese legends.On this basis,Kunio Yanagida,the father of Japanese folklore,defined and classified legends.He associated legends with specific things,distinguished them from mukashi-banashi(folktales),and actively promoted legend studies adopting the approach of folklore.Later,due to the influence of academic trends,such as constructivism and memory theory as well as the need to methodologically update traditional Japanese folklore to folklorism and public folklore,etc.,the study of Japanese legends turned to a new paradigm,focusing on the issues of legends and history,legends and memory,and the conversion of legends into resources,and attempted to widen the field of legend studies,providing an effective path for us to understand the academic history and methodological transformation of Japanese folklore comprehensively and deeply.