国际合作传播的共情路径:基于对中国—亚非媒体合作传播多元主体的调研

An Empathic Model of Cross-national Journalistic Collaboration:A Study of Multiple Participants in the Cooperation Between Chinese Media and Media from Asian and African Countries

国际媒体合作传播既有利于促进世界相互理解,也有利于提升媒体国际传播能力,是被国际媒体广泛运用的国际传播实践策略。随着“一带一路”倡议的推进,中国媒体近年致力于拓展与亚非发展中国家媒体的合作,以“借船出海”为代表的合作传播实践成为国际传播的重要依托。长期以来,中国学界和业界较为关注合作传播的“供给侧”,即中国媒体的合作意愿、合作形式与合作效果,对参与合作的外国媒体关注度稍显不足。本文以共情理论作为切入视角,依托某持续性国际媒体合作项目,面向参与合作传播的中方媒体记者、亚非国家媒体记者与关键中介三类人员开展深度访谈,发现共情在国际合作传播的不同阶段分别发挥了不同的作用。在合作意愿确立期,共情是合作传播双方参与合作的主要动机;在合作方案执行期,共情是合作双方采取的一种有效传播策略;在合作常态化发展阶段,共情作为合作双方共同期待的理想传播效果,推动着双方合作关系的升维。基于此,本文对国际合作传播的共情路径作出细化阐释,认为中国媒体为达成国际合作传播的共情目标,应以对其他国家媒体和人民的深层次共情为传播动机、在合作传播过程中注重与合作媒体的共商共享、注重倾听国际受众反馈并适时给予共情回应。

Transnational media cooperation is not only conducive to promoting mutual understanding among different countries,but also to enhancing the international communication capacity of media organizations,so many international leading media are widely involved in it.With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),Chinese media have recently expanded their cooperation with the media in developing countries in Asia and Africa in order to improve their international communication capacity,which is known as"borrowing a boat to go to sea".Chinese media professionals and scholars have long focused on the"supply side"of media cooperation,i.e.,the willingness of Chinese media to cooperate,the forms of cooperation,and the effectiveness of cooperation,and have paid less attention to the foreign media participating in international cooperation.Therefore,with the perspective of empathy theory,we conducted in-depth interviews with Chinese media personnel,journalists from Asian and African countries,and key intermediaries involved in an ongoing cross-border journalistic collaboration project.We found that empathy plays different roles in different stages of journalistic collaboration.Before the signing of the cooperation program,empathy is the main motivation for both partners to participate in the cooperation.During the implementation of the cooperation program,empathy is an effective communication strategy adopted by all the participants.For the subsequent long-term cooperation,empathy is the ideal communication effect that both parties expect,making the relationship enter a better stage.Based on our findings,we have elaborated on the empathic model of cross-national journalistic collaboration,i.e.,to take empathy for the media and people of other countries as the motivation for collaboration,to focus on communicating and sharing with the partner media in the process of journalistic collaboration,and to listen to the feedback of international audiences and give timely empathic responses.